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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The ? is an exchange organ formed by maternal and fetal tissues.
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placenta
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The placenta is normally an effective barrier against ? in the maternal circulation.
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microorganisms
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? can cross the placental barrier, enter the umbilical vein, and spread by the fetal circulation into the fetal tissues.
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syphilis spirochete
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Other infections, such as herpes simplex, can occur ? when the child is contaminated by the birth canal.
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perinatally
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The common infections of fetus and neonate are grouped together in a unified cluster, know by the acronym ? which medical personnel must monitor
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TORCH
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What does the acronym TORCH stand for?
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Toxoplasmosis
Other(HVB,AIDS,Chlamydia) Rubella Cytomegalovirus Herpes simplex virus |
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A factor crucial to the course of an infection is the quantity of microbes in the ? dose.
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inoculating dose
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For most agents, infection will proceed only if a minimum number, called the ? is present
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infectious dose
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What are the 3 steps for microbes to become established?
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Find a portal of entry
Attach to the host Survive the host defenses |
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To initiate an infection, a microbe enters the tissues of the body by a characteristic route, called the ?
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portal of entry
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? is the process by which microbes gain a more stable foothold at the portal of entry.
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Adhesion
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Microbes that are not established in normal biota relationship in a particular body site in a host are likely to encounter resistance from ?
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host defenses
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Microorganisms with small ? have greater virulence.
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Infectious doses
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When first entering, a microbe will first encounter a host defense from certain WBC's called ?
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phagocytes
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? ordinarily engulf and destroy pathogens by means of enzymes and antimicrobial chemicals.
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phagocytes
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? factors are a type of virulence factor used by some pathogens to avoid phagocytes.
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Antiphagocytic
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Species of both Streptococcus and Staphylococcus produce ?, which are substances that are toxic to white blood sells.
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leukocidins
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Some microorganisms secrete an ? surface layer (slime or capsule) that make it physically difficult for the phagocyte to engulf them
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Extracellular
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Some bacteria are adapted to survival inside phagocytes after ?
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ingestion
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? refers to an organisms potential to cause infection or disease
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pathogenicity
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The ? of a pathogen refers to the degree of damage it inflicts on the host tissue
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virulence
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? pathogens cause infectious disease in a healthy host.
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True
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? pathogens become infectious only when the host immune system is compromised in some way.
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Opportunistic
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The site at which a microorganism first contacts host tissue is called the ?
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portal of entry
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Most pathogens have one ? portal of entry, although some have more than one.
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preferred
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The ? system is the portal of entry for the greatest number of pathogens.
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respiratory
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The ? dose(ID) refers to the minimum number of microbial cells required to initiate infection in the host.
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infectious dose
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? and ? are types of adherence factors by which pathogens physically attach to host tissues.
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Fimbriae
adhesive capsules |
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Antiphogocytic factors produce by microorganisms include ?,?, and factors that resist ? by WBC's.
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leukocidins, capsules
digestion |
