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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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To establish themselves in a host, microbes must first ? the host, then attach firmly to host ?, and survive the host ?
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enter
tissues defenses |
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To cause damage microbes produce ? or induce a host ? that is actually injurious to the host.
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toxins
response |
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A microbe enters the tissues of the body by ?
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portals of entry
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? can be due to single or multioplle factors.
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virulence
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Different healthy individuals have widely varying responses to the same ? This is determined in part by genetic variation in the specific components of their ? systems
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microorganisms
defense |
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? is described as changes in genetic composition by one species in response to change in another.
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co-evolution
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A microbial portal of entry is usually a ? or ? boundary, and is normally the same anatomical regions that support normal ?
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cutaneous
membranous biota |
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The source of an infectious agent can be ?, originating from a source outside the body(the environment or another person or animal), or ?, already existing on or in the body(normal biota or latent infection)
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exogenous
endogenous |
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When the source of the infectious agent is outside the body, like from the environment, another person, or animal, it is ?
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exogenous
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When the source of the infectious agent is from within the body, like normal biota or latent infection, it is ?
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endogenous
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Name 4 of the anatomical portals of entry?
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skin, G.I. tract, Resp. tract, and urogenital tract
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The majority of pathogens have adapted to a specific portal of ?, one that provides a habitat for further ? and ?
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entry
growth spread |
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The ? is a very common portal of entry. The actual sites of entry are usually Nicks, abrasions, and punctures, many of which are tiny and unapparent, rather than unbroken skin.
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skin
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Intact skin is a very tough barrier that few ? can penetrate
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microbes
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? aureus is the cause of boils
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Staphylococcus
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? pyogenes is an agent of impetigo
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Streptococcus
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The fungal ? and agents of gangrene and tetanus gain access through damaged skin.
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dermatophytes
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The viral agents of cold sores like ? type 1, enters through the mucous membranes near the lips.
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herpes simplex
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Some infectious agents create their own passageways into the skin using ? enzymes
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digestive
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The ? is the portal of entry for pathogens contained in food, drink and other ingested substances.
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Gastrointestinal tract
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