Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is the pathology of AD?
|
1) senile plaques qith amiloid beta
2)neurofibrally tangles with hyperphosphorylated tau 3) neuronal loss in hypocampuss and selective cortical and subcortical area 4) white matter lessions |
|
|
Describe beta amyloid production.
|
Amyloid precursor protein is processed by Y secretase ( not alfa and beta) thus generating small peptides which will form later amyloid plaques. ( aggregation)
|
|
|
What is AD?
|
* gradual progressive memory impairment with disorder of aquired skills. Interference daily life.
Impaired recognition objects. Impairment of spatial orientation. mostly over 65 years. |
|
|
What is dissconnection syndrome?
|
Lose of white matter.
Dissconnection visual, auditive, sensory cortex with motor cortex.>>> 1) Loss aquired skills:dress underneth underware 2)Brushing tees : naming toothbrush but not knowing its function. 3) constructional apraxia: clock drawing loss of ability to recognize sounds. 2) |
|
|
What is the clinical phenotype of AD?
|
early gradual episodic memory impairment.
|
|
|
What is huge overlap in AD pathology?
|
36% AD patients - no plaques
33% of non AD patients >>> moderate to severe plaques formation |
|
|
What are the AD risc factors?
|
age, hypertension, cholesterol , homocyteine, APOE4 allel, atrial fibrillation, diabetes type 2, smoking.
|
|
|
How do vascular factors influence AD?
|
Hypertension, atrial fibrillation, atherosclerosis. Are related to white matter pathology
|
|
|
What is the core diagnostic criterial for AD?
|
Presence of early and significant memory imparment.
1)Presence of medial temporasl lobe atrophy: volume loss of hyppocampi, entorhinal cortex, amyglada evidence on MRI. 2) Specific pattern of functional neroimaging with PET reduced glucose metabolism in belateral, temporal , perietal regions. Visualized amyloid beta 3)Abnormal cerebrospinal fluid biomaker , low amyloid concentration, increased total tau concentration. 4) proven autosomal dominant mutation within the immediate family. |
|
|
CT,MRI,PET, what you see on each of it during AD?
|
CT: Atrophy , space occuping lesions
MRI: Atrophy , space occuping , white matter hyperintensity. PET: Glucose metabolism , amyloid plaques and tau tangles. |
|
|
What do you see on SPECT, functional MRI, DTI, MRS?
|
SPECT: blood flow
functional MRI: blood flow , functional connectivity DTI: neuronal connectivity, white matter integrity. MRS: metabolite concentration |
|
|
Which research on tretments there is?
|
immunisation against amyloid
blood thinning aspitine inflamatory inhibitors blood, stathine. |
|
|
What are the vascular preventatives for AD?
|
prevention vascular desease, no beneficial effect on AD pathology(statins, aspirins)
stroke prevention, no beneficial effect ( aspirin) prevention of cardiovascular desease - beneficial effect in patients with mild AD. ( fish oil) |
|
|
Which diet molecular compounds influence ischemic heart desease?
|
EPA,DHA acids
|
|
|
What is the effect of LCPUFA combination diet?
|
effect on cognition, cerebral metabolism, blood volume in APP/PS1 AH mice.
|
|
|
What is the effect of combination diet Fortasyn on behaviour?
|
explorative, less anxious
spatial memory is improved Fortasyn increases CBF in APP/PS1 mice. DHA increases CBF, cholesterol decreases CBF. |
|
|
Which markers there are for neurodegeneration?
|
N acetyl aspartate NAA: neuronal marker neuronal integrity
Myo-inositol: glial marker associated with inflammation. |
|
|
What is the effect of DHA on pathology?
|
DHA decreases amyloid deposition in plaques and bloodvessels walls.
Cholesterol increases plaques in hyppocampus. |
|
|
How do excercice influence AD?
|
induces changes in frontal and temporal lobes, improves short term memory.
|
|
|
What effect has combined diet+DHA effect?
|
positive effect on BDNF synaptic plasticity and cognition
|
|
|
Which vulnerable neurons there are?
|
long myelinated axons traveling relative long distances, between CNS regions and peripheral area.
|
|
|
What are the reasong for vulnerability of these neurons with aging?
|
Need a lot of energy , dependent on axonal transport ( anterograde, retrograde) for nutrition
have large cell surface for exposure of toxic agents. cytoskeleton of large neurons is vulnerable for dysfunction , due to aggregation and dyslocation axonal neurofilaments and formation of microtubulus associated protein tau. |
|
|
What are the stroke symptoms?
|
paresis, leg, especially trouble walking.
trouble speaking , trouble seeing, eye movement disorders , coma, trouble with speaking, swallowing. |
|
|
Which treatment for stroke there are?
|
Definition: A surgical procedure performed to repair an aneurysm that stems from the wall of a blood vessel inside of the brain. The technique involves the surgical placement of a clip across the aneurysm "neck," which prevents it from growing and/or bleeding further. Aneurysm clipping is an alternative to endovascular aneurysm "coiling."
|
