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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are 8 types of cell injury?
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chemical
hypoxic free radical immunologic intentional unintentional inflammation infection |
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What is atrophy and what cells does it most effect?
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decrease in cell size. cells just have less "stuff" like endoplasmic reticulae, mitohondria, myofiliaments.
atrophied cells take up less O2, less amino acids and have less protein synthesis or increased protein catalysis skeletal muscles heart secondary sex organs brain |
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What is hypertrophy and what cells does it most effect?
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increase in cell / organ size due to increased protein synthesis. Can be caused by trophic or mechanical
causes. usually heart and kidneys |
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What is hyperplasia and what cells does it most effect?
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Increase in the # of cells due to increased cell division. Can be due to compensatory or trophic reasons
liver or uterus or breast |
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What is dysplasia and what cells is it most likely to effect?
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abnormal changes in the size, shape or organization of mature cells.
seen in cervix and respiratory tract |
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What is metaplasia and give an example?
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The swap of one cell type for another, usually less differentiated cell.
Bronchial epithelial cells in smokers is an example as columnar cilliated cells are replaced by stratified squamous epithelial that don't secrete mucous |
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what are the 3 most common form of cell injury?
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Hypoxic
Free radical Chemical |
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what is ischemia and what are the 2 most common causes?
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reduced blood supply
artereosclerosis (narrowing arteries) thrombosis (clot) |
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What does a decrease in mitochondrial phosphorylation cause in cell injury?
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decreased mitochondrial phosphorylation means ATP cannot be made. This makes the cell do anaerobic metabolism, but once the glycogen runs out, ATP is gone.
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What is the effect of decreased ATP production?
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plasma membrane Na-K pumps fail.
Na and Ca build up in cell, K diffuses out and therefore more Na and water enter cell causing swelling This swelling detaches the ER, protein synthesis declines. |
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What are the 2 signs of irreversible cell damage?
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No ATP due to mitochondrial damage
damage to membrane function |
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What is a reperfusion injury?
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Once O2 has been restored highly reactive oxygen intermediates can exacerbate membrane damage and mitochondrial Ca overload
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Why are free radicals bad?
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As a highly reactive species, the radical forms chemical bonds with proteins, lipids and carbohydrates (messes with membrane and nucleic acids)
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What is lead poisoning and what are some common causes?
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lead inhibits enzymes involved in hemoglobin synthesis and causes anemia,
convulsions and delirium wrist /finger/ foot paralysis glycouria aminoaciduria hyperphosphaturia nausea vominting abdom cramping lead paint pottery glazes and ceramic ware water pipes leaded gasoline glass / battery manufacturing |
