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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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hypersensitivity types I, II, III are mediated by what?
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antibodies produced by B lymphocytes
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hypersensitivity type IV is mediated by what?
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t-cells
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what type of hypersensitivity is graves disease, hyperacute graft rejection, or incorrect blood typing?
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type hypersensitivity II
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name the four theories of autoimmunity.
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1. antigenic mimicry
2. release of sequestered antigens 3. t-cell theories 4. b-cell theories |
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which autoimmunity theory states that self cells and antigens have similar characteristics (epitopes) therefore they can trick and slip by the immune system?
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antigenic mimcry theory
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what autoimmunity theory states there are antigens that are isolated in a certain organ during neonatal period? they are sheltered from the immune system.
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release of sequestered antigens
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name primary Ab involved in type I hypersensitivity.
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IgE
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what is IgE's role of intracellular Ca+2?
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-binds to mast cells.
-mast cells and IgE crosslink -increase in Ca+2 |
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how long does the type I hypersensitivity take?
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15-20 minues after exposure to Ag
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seven steps of type I hypersensitivity.
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1. Ag exposed to b-cells
2. b-cells crank out IgE 3. IgE binds to mast cells (covered in IgE) 4. exposure of mast cell to Ag to IgE and Ag's crosslink 5. increase in intracellular Ca+2 6. degranulation 7. inflammation |
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name some clinical manifestations of type I hypersensitivity.
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-hives
-rhinitis -eczema -throat constriction -edema -tachycardia -anaphylaxis |
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what hypersensitivity is tissue specific or cytotoxic?
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type II hypersensitivity
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what is primary Ab's involved in type II hypersensitivity?
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IgG and IgM
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how is tissue damaged accomplished in type II hypersensitivity?
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1. Ag/Ab complex activates complement
2. binding by macrophages 3. cell phagocytosis |
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What are Ag and Ab associated with blood types?
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Rh- and Rh +
IgM (on all blood) |
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who is the universal donor?
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type O
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who is the universal recipient?
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type AB
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what blood type have no Ab?
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type O
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what type of blood have no Ag?
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type AB
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describe the mechanism of erthroblastosis fetalis.
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IgG:
*Rh- mother is prego with Rh+ baby blood mixes at delivery and everyone is ok. *mother makes antigen to Rh- so next pregnancy mother's IgG crosses placenta and attacks fetal blood cells. |
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what are the primary Ab's involved in type III hypersensitivity?
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IgG
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how does tissue damage occur in type III hypersensitivity?
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1. Ag/Ab complex formed in blood
2. deposits in tissue 3. activation of complement 4. tissue inflammation; chemotaxis from neutrophils release enzymes and free radicals 5. tissue destruction |
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where do complexes collect in type III hypersensitivity?
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basement membrane
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what is a hapten?
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incomplete soluble Ag
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describe the mechanism of type IV hypersensitivity.
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1. hapten binds with another "carrier" protein Hapten+protein = complete Ag
2. Ag taken up by Ag presenting cell 3. Taken to lymph node 4. Presented to Th cells 5. Lymphokines released 6. Inflammation leads to destruction |
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which branch of the immune response is type IV hypersensitivity?
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adaptive immune response
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what immunodeficiency disorder is most often congenital from abnormal development? these disorders are often found to be sex linked.
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primary immunodeficiency disorder
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what immunodeficiency disorder are typically caused by psychosocial, physical, nutritional, environmental, and pharmacologic that lead to abnormal disorders?
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secondary immunodeficiency disorders
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what is it called when an individual's immune system recognizes its own cells as foreign and mounts an immune response that attacks itself?
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autoimmunity
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what is the normal immune response that is inappropriately triggered or excessive or produces undesirable effects on the body?
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hypersensitivity
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what is recognition? MHC/HLA roles
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self tolerance
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principle cell in type I hypersensitivity?
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mast cell
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principle chemical mediator in type I hypersensitivity.
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histamine
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what hypersensitivity is there no Ab's involved?
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type IV hypersensitivity
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