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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the patterns of alopecia? |
focal to multifocal symmetrical diffuse |
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infectious parasites cause what pattern of alopecia? ie? |
focal to multifocal - staphylococcal pyoderma - demodex - dermatophytosis - leishmania |
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What pattern of alopecia do immune mediated causes usually cause? ie? |
focal to multifocal - dermatomyositis - vasculitis - alopecia areata |
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What general alopecia pattern do endrocrine/metabolic conditions cause? |
diffuse - hyperadr - hypoth - paraneoplastic |
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Give a neoplasia that results in alopecia? |
epitheliotrophic cutaneous T cell lymphoma |
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Are demodex mites commensal or contagious? |
commensal, associated with sebaceous glands and skin surface d. gatoi can be contagious in cats |
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What types of demodicosis can occur? which is more severe? |
localised (<5 lesions) generalised (>5 lesions, more severe) adult onset (secondary to other disease) |
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When does localised demodicosis occur in dogs? |
during adolescence 4-10 months |
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How does localised juvenile onset demodicosis present? how is it treated? |
multifocal alopecia, scaling, comedones, follicular casts isnt pruritis unless 2* bacterial or malassezia infection localised form usually resolves with maturity |
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How does generalised demodicosis presnet? |
more severe, more lesions than localised generalised alopecia, scaling, hyperpig, comedones and follicular casts |
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Secondary infection of generalised demodicosis -presents with? |
papules, pustules, furunculosis and draining sinus tracts peripheral lymphadenopathy with pyrexia and depression |
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treatment for demidicosis? |
- amitraz dip once weekly - wash with keratolytic and degreasing shampoo first to remove debris - clip longhaired animals - manage infections |
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treatment for mild cases of demodex? |
lime sulphur dip advocate once weekly (imidacloprid/moxidectin |
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What are the adverse effects of amitraz? |
vomiting, sedation, bradycardia, pruritus,exfoliative erythroderma and hyperglycaemia |
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What are dermatophytes? |
fungi that metabolise keratonised tissue eg. - microsporum canis - microsporum gypseum highly contagious and zoonotic!! |
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What breeds are predisoped to dermatophytosis? why? |
persians yorkshire terriers long hair makes it hard to groom out spores |
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cs of dermatophytosis? |
multifocal alopecia and scaling - Comedones -Follicular casts -Rarely pruritic -Nodules - paronychia |
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treatment of dermatophytosis? |
itraconazole in cats ketoconazole in dogs treat until 2 negative cultures at least 7 days apart clip long hair (can worsen cs) environemental decontam!! |
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how long should demodex infection be treated? |
until 2-3 negative skin scrapes at 2 week intervals then treated for a further month |
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Where is leishmania a problem? |
endemic in mediteranean and americas |
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CS of leishmania vary a lot, give some examples |
cutanous - focal alopecia of face, nose, pinnae and feet systemic - hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, anaemia, muscle atrophy |
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How is Leishmania diagnosed? |
seology PCR identify organism in biopsies from infected skin, LN and bone marrow |
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Treatment of Leishmania? |
complete cure is hard! meglumine antimoniate, allopurinol and miltefosine |
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What would you recommend to owners if they are travelling somewhere that is endemic with Leishmania? |
vaccine reduces risk anti-sandfly treatment ie, deltamethrin shampoo and collar |
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Immune mediated cases of alopecia are rare, what would the cs ofdermatomyositis and vasculitis be? |
- alopecia - erythema - crusting - scaling of extremities dermatomyositis also - muscle atrophy - weakness - megaoesophagus etc |
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How does hyperadrenocorticism affect the skin? |
bilateral symmetrical truncal hair loss comedomes atrophic and inelastic skin prominent blood vessels |
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what is a comedome? |
Dilated hair follicle plugged withepidermal and sebaceous debris
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How does hypothyroidism affect the skin? |
varies with any combo of - truncal alopecia - thickened hyperpigmented and cool skin |
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What can cause sex hormone alopecias? |
hyperoestrogenism-->ovarian neoplasia, sertoli cell tumours hyperandrogenism --> neoplasia |
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What is telogen effluvium? |
Stress causes telogenisation of the coat–-> Exogen or grooming results in alopecia |
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What is anagen defluxion? what breeds? |
anagen interrupted --> weakened hair shaft easily fractured --> apparent hair loss seen in anagen breeds ie. poodles |
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What are the cutaneous signs of feline paraneoplastic alopecia? |
cutaneous signs are v specific and appear before systemic ventral truncal alopecia smooth shining thin translucent skin surgery to excise tumour but poor prognosis |
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What breeds are often affected by pattern baldness? what happens? |
miniaturisation of hair follicles --> focal alopecia yorkshire terriets, daschunds and greyhounds |
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What are follicular dysplasias? |
inherited diseases causing abnormal growth and development of hair follicles puppy coat normal --> becomes dull, brittle and is lost over trunk, scaling and secondary infections --> abnormal regrowth |
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What types of follicular dysplasia are there? |
black hair follicle dysplasia colour dilute alopecia |
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What is the treatment for follicular dysplasia? |
- avoid further damage to coat - gentle antiscaling and moisturising shampoo - control 2* infections - high quality diet - sun protection - |
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Sebacceous adenitis? |
poodles, vizlas, akitas etc inflam and destruction of sebaceous glands - dry skin - hair loss - 2* infections |
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Treatment for sebacceous adenitis? |
- antiscaling shampoo - vit A or retinoids - high quality diet - ciclosporin - AB/AB shampoo to counter infections |
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What is alopecia X? |
Alopecia of plush coated breeds • Initially lose primary hairs • Later complete alopeciaand hyperpigmentation • Spares extremities |
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