Alopecia

Front 1

what are three functions of hair?

Back 1

protective
tactile
esthetic

Front 2

what are the three phases of the hair cycle

Back 2

anagen - period of active growth
catagen- period of transition
telogen - resting phase

Front 3

what factors influence the hair cycle?

Back 3

age
region of the body
breed
sex

Front 4

many extrinsic and intrinsic factors can influence the hair cycle. What are some examples of each?

Back 4

extrinsic - photoperiod, temp, hormones, general state of health
intrinsic - cytokines and growth factors

Front 5

what is the definition of alopecia?

Back 5

partial or complete loss of hair in areas where it is normally present
it can be congenital or acquired

Front 6

an animal presents to you with alopecia. how do you start your clinical approach?

Back 6

get a hx and do a general PE to see if you can find evidence of problems with other organs:
PU/PD
pendulous abdomen
asymmetrical testicles or only one
enlarged vulva
changes in activity level
weight gain

Front 7

after you get a hx and do a general PE you need to do a derm exam and determine whether the patient is itchy or not. if they are, start to investigate diseases that cause pruritis. if they are not itchy then you need to look at/for what?

Back 7

pattern of hair loss
presence of inflammmation
presence of lesions

do skin scrape, cytology, dermatophyte culture

Front 8

what are some physiological events that can cause hair loss?

Back 8

pregnancy
severe systemic disease
sx
and for a few days after a patient receives cytotoxic agents like cyclophosphomide

Front 9

what are some reasons hair may not grow back after being clipped?

Back 9

HYPOthyroidism
hyperadrenocorticism
alopecia X
post clipping alopecia

Front 10

which breed is most associated with alopecia x?

Back 10

poms

Front 11

which breed is associated wtih pattern baldness, and acathosis nigricans

Back 11

dachsund

Front 12

it helps to look at the sexual status of a patient when investigating alopecia so that you can look for what?

Back 12

possibility of having sertoli cell tumor, ovarian cysts, if intact female patient is not cycling she may have HYPOT4 or HAC

Front 13

sometimes coat color may be a key to determining the reason for alopecia - what are two alopecia diseases that have to deal with hair color/coat?

Back 13

black hair coat follicular dysplasia
color dilution alopecia

Front 14

if an animal has alopecia that goes into spontaneous remission, then it could have been suffering from

Back 14

seasonal flank alopecia - dog looses hair on flank on seasonal basis
telogen effluvium 'blowing their coat'

Front 15

what is the cause for alopecia x?

Back 15

we don't know

Front 16

what are some other names for alopecia x?

Back 16

adrenal sex hormone imbalance
adrenal hyperplasia like syndrome
growth hormone/castration-responsive dermatosis
hair cycle arrest

Front 17

which breeds may have a heriditibility for alopecia x?

Back 17

poms
keeshonds
chow
samoyed
mini poodles

Front 18

what are the CS of alopecia x?

Back 18

bilaterally symmetric alopecia that starts in areas of friction - rump, perineum, caudal thighs, neck, tail (head and distal legs usually spared)
primary hairs are lost first and then there is a variable loss of secondary hairs, which gives the animal a 'puppy-like coat'

Front 19

how do you dx alopecia x?

Back 19

CS
r/o endocrinopathies
r/o follicular dysplasias

Front 20

if you want to do a biopsy while working up your diagnosis of alopecia x, which area do you want to take a sample from?

Back 20

an area of the most advanced hair loss

Front 21

how do you treat alopecia x?

Back 21

melatonin - variable results - need to give it for 3 months before you decide if it is helping or not
trilostane - use in dogs with elevated 17-hydroxyprogesterone and or elevated UC:CR; can take up to 6 months to regrow hair

Front 22

acanthosis nigricans has two forms

Back 22

hereditary form - primary idiopathic acanthosis nigrans of dachsunds
secondary form - due to intertrigo, endocrinopathies, hypersensitivties

Front 23

what are the clinical signs of the primary form of acanthosis nigricans?

Back 23

usually dachsunds less than 2 yrs old
axillary hyperpigmentation - darkening of skin in armpits, lichenification, seborrheic changes, alopecia
lesions spread along ventrum and get secondary pyoderma, yeast and itchiness with chronicity

Front 24

how do you dx primary acanthosis nigricans?

Back 24

exam
r/o other cause of acanthosis nigricans (endocraphathies, HS, intertrigo)
bx - see hyperplasia and hyperpigmentation, but these are not specific for the disease

Front 25

how do you treat acanthosis nigricans?

Back 25

can't cure it, can only control it - anti-seborrheic shampoos, topical steroids for focal lesions
may need po steroids, vitamin E or melatonin for worse cases

Front 26

with which type of tumor is male feminization syndrome associated?

Back 26

sertoli cell tumor

Front 27

T/F: functional sertoli cell tumors are most common in cryptorchids?

Back 27

true - the majority of abdominal testicles develop sertoli cell tumors

Front 28

T/F: feminization syndrome is more likely to be seen with larger tumors?

Back 28

true

Front 29

which dogs seem to be predisposed to feminization syndrome?

Back 29

boxers
shelties
collies
weims
cairn terriers
pekes
and it's usually in middle age or older dogs

Front 30

describe the alopecia and other CS seen in dogs with feminization syndrome?

Back 30

bilaterally symmetric
non-itchy
perineum, ventrum, chest, neck, flanks
may see hyperpigmentation
patient will only be itchy if there is secondary pyoderma
may see linear preputial dermatosis
may see pendulous prepuce, gynecomastia, enlarged nipples, cryptorchid or mass in the scrotal testis
the prostate is often enlarged and can be infected

Front 31

how do you treat a dog with feminization syndrome?

Back 31

castrate them - get one out of abdomen if there's one in there
usually see improvement in 3 months
if patient starts to get better but then relapses, then that means there is functional met in which case you can try cisplatin

Front 32

T/F: dogs with feminization syndrome with estrogen-induced bone marrow suppression have a poor prognosis?

Back 32

true