Allied Health Test 1

Front 1

Anatomy

Back 1

the study of the body structure

Front 2

Physiology

Back 2

the study of how the body functions

Front 3

Metabolism

Back 3

the life-sustaining reactions that go on within the body.

Front 4

Catabolism

Back 4

complex substances are broken down into simpler compounds with the release of energy.

Front 5

Anabolism

Back 5

simple compounds are used to manufacture complex materials needed for growth, function, and repair of tissues.

Front 6

Extracellular fluid

Back 6

all body fluids that are outside of the cell

Front 7

Intracellular fluid

Back 7

fluid contained within the cell

Front 8

Homeostasis

Back 8

a state of equilibrium or balance within an organism (body temperature, composition of body fluids, heart rate, respiratory rate, BP must be kept within set limits in order to maintain health)

Front 9

Anatomic position

Back 9

when the body is upright with the face front, arms at the sides with palms forward, and feet parallel

Front 10

Superior

Back 10

relative term meaning above or in the higher position

Front 11

Inferior

Back 11

below or in a lower position

Front 12

Ventral or anterior

Back 12

located toward the front of the body

Front 13

Dorsal or posterior

Back 13

located toward the back

Front 14

Cranial

Back 14

near the head

Front 15

Caudal

Back 15

near the sacral region of the spinal column ("tail")

Front 16

Medial

Back 16

near an imaginary plane that passes trough the mid line of the body "middle"

Front 17

Lateral

Back 17

farther away from the mid line, toward the side

Front 18

Proximal

Back 18

near the origin or point of attachment of ta structure

Front 19

Distal

Back 19

farther from the origin or point of attachment

Front 20

Midsagittal plane

Back 20

imaginary plane cutting the body exactly down the mid line of the body separating it into equal right and left halves

Front 21

Frontal plane

Back 21

plane cutting the body in line with the ears down the middle of the body creating a front ( anterior or ventral) and a rear section (posterior or dorsal)

Front 22

Transverse plane

Back 22

if a cut were made horizontally, across the other two planes, dividing the body into a upper (superior) part and a lower (inferior) part

Front 23

Body cavities

Back 23

large internal spaces within which various organs are located. There are two groups of cavities; the dorsal and ventral cavities. There are two regions in the dorsal body cavity; the cranial and spinal cavities. There are two ventral cavities, the thoracic and abdominal( the abdominal is subdivided into the upper portion and the lower part called the pelvic cavity)

Front 24

Genes

Back 24

the heredity factors of each cell

Front 25

Cell membrane

Back 25

the outer covering of the cell

Front 26

Mitosis

Back 26

cell reproduction in which each original parent cell divides to form two identical daughter cells

Front 27

Semipermeable membrane

Back 27

cell membrane allows some molecules to pass through and prevents the admission of undesirable substances

Front 28

Diffusion

Back 28

constant movement of molecules from a region of relatively higher concentration to one of lower concentration

Front 29

Osmosis

Back 29

the diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane. The water particles move from an area where they are higher in number to an area where they are lower in number`

Front 30

Phagocytosis

Back 30

engulfing of relatively large particles by the cell membrane and the movement of these particles into the cell. Certain white blood cells carry out phagocytes to rid the body of foreign matter and dead cells.

Front 31

Isotonic solution

Back 31

solution that has the same concentration of molecules as fluids within the cell (intracellular) normal Saline is a isotonic solution (cell stays the same)

Front 32

Hypotonic solution

Back 32

a solution that is less concentrated than the intracellular fluid ( cell draws water in, swells, and may burst hemolyze)

Front 33

Hypertonic solution

Back 33

solution that is more concentrated than intracellualr fluid (water leaves the cell and the cell shrinks)

Front 34

Chromosomes

Back 34

contains genes, condensed form of chromatin

Front 35

Nucleus

Back 35

controls many cell activities and is important in the process of mitosis or cell division

Front 36

Nucleolus

Back 36

located inside the nucleus important in cell reproduction, manufacturing center of ribosomes

Front 37

Chromatin

Back 37

located in the nucleus and made of DNA condense to form chromosomes during cell reproduction

Front 38

Organelle

Back 38

cell structures that help a cell to function and are located in the cytoplasm

Front 39

Endoplasmic reticulum

Back 39

fine network of tubular structures located in the cytoplasm, allows for the transport of materials into and out of the nucleus and also aids in the synthesis and storage of proteins

Front 40

Lysosome

Back 40

oval or round bodies found throughout the cytoplasm, contain digestive enzymes that digest and destroy old cells, bacteria, and foreign materials,important function of the body's immune system fuse with stored food vacuoles to convert the food to a form that can be use by the mitochondria to produce ATP

Front 41

Golgi apparatus

Back 41

sack of membrane layers located in the cytoplasm, produces, stores, and packages secretions for discharge from the cell

Front 42

Pinocytic vesicle

Back 42

pocket like folds in the cell membrane, allow large molecules such as proteins and fats to enter the cell

Front 43

Cytoplasm

Back 43

semi fluid inside the cell but outside the nucleus, site for all chemical reaction that take place in the cell

Front 44

Mitochondria

Back 44

rod-shaped organelles located throughout the cytoplasm, break down particles to make ATP

Front 45

Epithelial tissue

Back 45

covers the surface of the body and is the main tissue in the skin

Front 46

Connective tissue

Back 46

the supporting fabric of organs and other body parts (soft and hard)

Front 47

Nerve tissue

Back 47

is made up neurons

Front 48

Muscle tissue

Back 48

produces power and movement by contraction of muscle fibers

Front 49

Name the Cavities

Back 49

Dorsal, Cranial,
Spinal, Ventral, Thoracic, Abdominal, Pelvic, Orbital, Nasal, Buccal,Abdomino-pelvic,

Front 50

Top left region

Back 50

Right hypochondriac region

Front 51

Top middle region

Back 51

Epigastric Region

Front 52

Top right region

Back 52

Left hypochondriac region

Front 53

Middle left region

Back 53

Right lumbar region

Front 54

Middle region

Back 54

Umbilical region

Front 55

Middle right region

Back 55

Left lumbar region

Front 56

Lower left region

Back 56

Right iliac region

Front 57

Lower middle region

Back 57

Hypogastric region

Front 58

Lower right region

Back 58

Left iliac region