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136 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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study of the characteristics of speech sounds
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phonetics
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the rules that determine how sounds are used in spoken language
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phonology
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a variation of speech sound that is not a separate phoneme
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allophone
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the knowledge that words are made up of individual sounds. Skills included: syllabication, rhyming, blending sounds into words, isolating beginning or ending sounds
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phonological awareness
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instruction that connects sound and letter; application of phonetics in an approach to teach reading an spelling stressing symbol/sound relations
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phonics
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the smallest unit of sound in a syllable
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phoneme
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awareness of speech sounds and phonemes in spoken words
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phonemic awareness
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the understanding that spoken sounds are represented in print by written letters
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alphabetic principle
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a letter or letter cluster that represents a single speech sound
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grapheme
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a class of speech sounds with air flow that is constricted or obstructed
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consonants
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a class of open speech sounds produced by the passage of air through an open vocal tract
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vowels
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a syllable that ends in one vowel, one consonant, and final e
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VCe syllable
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a syllable with two adjacent vowels in initial, medial, or final position
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vowel pair syllable
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a syllable that has an r after the vowel
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vowel-r syllable
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a nonphonetic, recurring syllable that is fairly stable in its pronunciation and spelling
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consonant-le syllable
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pertaining to parts that built to a whole
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synthetic
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pertaining to a whole that is broken into constituent parts
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analytic
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a meaning unit of language
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morpheme
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a unit of speech sound organized around a vowel
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syllable
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two or more letters whose sounds flow smoothly together
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blend
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the overlapping, changing, or modifying of adjacent speech sounds
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coarticulation
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a diacritical marking for long vowel
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macron
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a diacritical marking for a short vowel
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breve
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a word with an unexpected pronunciation or spelling
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irregular word
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two adjacent letters in the same syllable that represent one sound
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digraph
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two adjacent vowels in the same syllable whose sounds blend together with a slide or shift during productivity
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diphthong
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series of letters or signs arranged in a customary order or sequence each of which represents a spoken sound of a language
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alphabet
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putting stress on a word or part of a word by opening your mouth wider, making your voice louder and higher, and holding the sound longer
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accent
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a language written in symbols or letters, each which singly or in combination stands for a speech sound
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alphabet language
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arrange alphabetically
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alphabetizing
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whole to part phonics approach, key sight words, relevant phonic generalizations-symbol/sound correspondences, top-down
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analytic phonics (deductive phonics)
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student learns sounds represented by letters, and blends those sounds to pronounce words-part to whole phonics, generalizations for symbol/sound correspondences, part to whole, bottom-up
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synthetic phonics (inductive phonics)
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scientific study of speech sounds
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phonetics
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letters or sounds that are beside each other within a word or syllable
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adjacent
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the ability to hear likenesses and differences in the sounds of phonemes and words
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auditory discrimination
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the ability to listen and remember sounds, words, and sentences in sequence (listening to a song and repeating the words back)
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auditory memory
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the mental activity of receiving, understanding, weighing, ordering, remembering, and examining sounds, especially speech sounds, and considering their meanings in relationship to past experience and their future use
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auditory processing
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to combine the sounds represented by letters to pronounce a word
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blends
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a morpheme which may not stand alone as an independent word, as -ing
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bound morpheme
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`two consonant sounds having the same origin in the mouth but differing qualities such as voicedness
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cognate
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a suffix that begins with a consonant
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consonant suffix
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a word made from another by the addition of a suffix or prefix
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derivative
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this term applies to a letter which may represent more than one sound or to a sound which may be spelled in more than one way (k, c, ck, ch)
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equivocal
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including more than one level or focus of practice
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heterogeneous practice
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a practice session with only one focus
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homogeneous practice
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the initial stage of spelling in which novice writers understand that a symbol stands for a unit or units of sound and attempts to represent that sound with the symbol in an unconventional manner
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invented spelling
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the simplest form of an English word to which affixes may be added
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base word
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a letter or letters added to the beginning of a base word to change its meaning (for euphony, the final consonant may be dropped or changed to match or blend better with the first letter of the base word)
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prefix
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a letter or letters added to the end of a base word to change its form or usage (the spelling never changes, but it can change the spelling of the base word)
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suffix
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conscious choice of and evaluation of the strategies used to accomplish a task
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metacognition
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area for skilled reading
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occipital-temporal region
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area of the brain for step-by-step word analysis
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parieto-temporal region
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area of the brain for articulation and slower work analysis
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left inferior frontal region
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related to hearing
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auditory
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related to seeing
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visual
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a specific sensory pathway
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modality
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related to muscle movement and memory
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kinesthetic
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pertaining to the simultaneous use of multiple senses
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multisensory
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related to touch
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tactile
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early term of dyslexia
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word blindness
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area of the brain for visual-verbal associations
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angular gyrus
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the ability to retain the visual image of a two dimensional symbol, especially the sequence of symbols in whole words, or the sequence of words in phrases or sentences
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visual memory
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the ability to retain the shape of a letter through muscle movement and feel the sound as it is made
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tactile-kinesthetic memory
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the active part of the memory system with a distinctly limited time element or retention
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short-term memory
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difficulty in the ability to attend to, precess, comprehend, retain, or integrate spoken language
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receptive language
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difficulty with verbal expression, difficulty with syntax, morphology, and semantics (uses gestures and sign language)
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expressive language
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Socratic method of asking questions to lead students to discover new information. This results in students being able to understand and connect the new learning to prior knowledge (multisensory)
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Discovery
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What syllable do you find the schwa sound?
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unaccented vowel
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Which programs test phonemic awareness?
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Lindamood-Bell
CTOPP PAT |
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According to the National Reading Panel Report (2000), which of the following represents the strongest indication of a reading disability?
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a deficit in phonology
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When you teach a long vowel sound by first teaching short vowel then moving to long vowel, how is this taught?
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Discovery method
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What is the best way to teach going from short vowel sounds to long vowel sounds?
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take off the final consonant
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What is another name for Preparation?
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Chalk Talk
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body of word knowledge
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lexicon
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vocabulary of a language
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lexical
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What sound does "c" make before e, i, or y?
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(s)
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Who was the most recent advocate of decoding?
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Dr. Reid Lyon, he was a research psychologist associated with NICHD
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Is "gymnasium" Latin or Greek?
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Greek, because of vowel y in the first syllable
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Who was Orton?
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He was a neuropsychiatrist who coined the name strephosymbolia (twisted symbols) for dyslexia
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language disorder that results from damage to portions of the brain that are responsible for language. Impairs expression, understanding, reading, and writing
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aphasia
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loss of ability to read because of brain injury
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alexia
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study of language and the language structure
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linguistics
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set of rules that dictates behavior context and rules of conversation
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pragmatics
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What are the four components of language?
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phonology (sound units)
semantics (meaning) syntax (sentence structure) pragmatics (rules for usage) |
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specifies the order of words and the organization of words within a variety of sentence types (sentence structure/grammar)
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syntax
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the meaning components of language
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semantics
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deficit in phonological awareness and rapid naming
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double deficit
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all consonants preceding the vowel in a syllable
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onset
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vowel and the rest of the consonants in a syllable
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rime
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writing system of language (correct, spelling, usage)
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Orthography
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spelling
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encoding
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study of origins and historical development of words
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etymology
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clearly stated, direct, purposeful instruction
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explicit instruction
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assessment that measures performance in relation to a norm cohort or group (compared to another group)
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Norm-referenced test
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assessment that measures knowledge attained and knowledge yet to be acquired in a domain (what they know)
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criterion referenced test
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Why was 504 formed?
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504 was enacted to protect individuals with disabilities from discrimination based solely on their disability
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How do you qualify for 504?
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A student has to have a physical or mental impairment that limits one or more of their major life activities
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What is IDEA?
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Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. The amended law forms the basis for sp.ed. in all 50 states. Dyslexia is an example of a foundation of specific learning disability
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disorder in one or more of the the basic psychological processes involved in understanding or in using language (spoken or written)
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specific learning disability
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math disability
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dyscalculus
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partial or complete impairment of the ability to communicate resulting from brain injury (speech disorder)
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dysphasia
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keenness of vision
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acuity
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repeating heard words or phrases either immediately or hours later (often in autistic children)
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echolalia
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What is the origin of the word Lexia?
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Greek
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information that must be presented in a sequence that builds logically on previously taught material
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sequential teaching
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To maintain certification, what must a therapist have?
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10 clinical hours a year or 20 every 2 years
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When students need help with long vowel sounds, what should you do?
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Read words containing particular long vowel sounds to gain speed and automaticity
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oi, oy, ou, and ow are all ___?
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diphthongs
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How does teacher in a rural area charge?
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sliding scale-based on the ability of the person to pay
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What type of test is based on the material just taught?
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Curriculum based test
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In the word PERMIT, what affect does changing the accent have?
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It changes the meaning
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Why do you double the "n" in the word beginning, but not in the word opening?
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The "n" in begin is in the accented one vowel one consonant syllable. In open, it is in the unaccented syllable.
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Which do you use when dealing with homonyms, synonyms, and antonyms?
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semantics
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Which process combines synthetic and analytic phonics?
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syllable division
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Which word does not contain silent "e":
flame, large, awe, or couple |
awe
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Handedness, pattern, laterally, and heredity are all:
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neurological
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Which test measures whether a child is ADHD?
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Connor Test
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The presence of fluid in the middle ear which can result in hearing loss or speech-language difficulties is
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Acute Otis media
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Dr. Chall's Stage 0 is:
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Pre-reading: oral language development
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Dr. Chall's Stage 1 is:
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Initial Reading: letters represent sounds and sound-spelling relationships
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Dr. Chall's Stage 2 is:
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Confirmation and Fluency: decoding skills, fluency, strategies
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Dr. Chall's Stage 3 is:
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Reading for Learning the New: expand vocabulary, build background and word knowledge, develop strategic habits
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Dr. Chall's Stage 4 is:
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Multiple Viewpoints: analyze texts, understand multiple POV
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Dr. Chall's Stage 5 is:
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Construction and Reconstruction: construct understanding based on analysis and synthesis
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the ability to decode single words correctly with the freedom from mistake or error
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accuracy
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the accurate and effortless word identification at the single word level
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automaticity
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speed of reading while maintaining accuracy and automaticity
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rate
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the rhythmic flow or oral reading
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prosody
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reading with rapidity and automaticity
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fluency
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The Norman Conquest (Battles of Hastings) caused the French influence on the English language in
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1066
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Beginning in the 1400's what was the movement of vowels to the back and top of the mouth called?
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The Great Vowel Shift (time of Chaucer)
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In 1878, a German physician, Adolf Kussmaul coined what phrase to describe acquired dyslexia (apraxia)?
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word blindness
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In 1900, a Scottish opthamologist reported 2 cases of "word blindness. Who was this doctor?
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James Hinshelwood
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What year was IDEA established?
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1975
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What revisions were made to IDEA in 1992
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clarification on Assistive Technology and supplemental aides
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study of how sounds and words are put together to form meaning (cat to cats-pluralization)
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morphology
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