Aemt Allergy, Anaphylaxis, Immuno (Mwn)

Front 1

allergic reaction vs anaphylaxis.

Back 1

Allergic reaction: local Hives, itching, or tenderness.
Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening allergic reaction mounted by multiple organ systems that must be treated with epinephrine. Wheezing and skin wheals are signs.

Front 2

signs and symptoms common to both allergic reaction & anaphylaxis.

Back 2

Pruritus; Vasodilation; Hypotension; Laryngospasm; Bronchospasm; Myocardial irritability; Abdominal cramping, bloating; Flushing; Headache, dizziness; Runny, itchy nose; Swollen eyes

Front 3

S&S Anaphylaxis

Back 3

Severe allergic reaction, shock, respiratory failure; widespread urticaria; Wheezing; high-pitched, whistling sound; Decreased cardiac output and perfusion; Ischemia; Potential for arrhythmias, hypotension, tachycardia; Blood volume moving from intravascular to extravascular space; Abdominal cramping; N/V, Diarrhea

Front 4

Histamine release causes

Back 4

Immediate vasodilation; Increased vascular permeability; Smooth muscle contraction; Decreased contractility of heart

Front 5

Leukotriene release causes

Back 5

Further respiratory compromise; Worsening cardiac condition; Further state of hypoperfusion

Front 6

Mast cells recognize invader and release

Back 6

Histamines=Primary; cause blood cells to dilate and capillaries to leak
Leukotrienes=More powerful; cause additional dilation and leaking

Front 7

Describe the initial impression portion of the assessment of a patient with an allergic reaction

Back 7

Evaluate level of consciousness, respiratory system, circulatory system, mental status, skin; Classify allergic reaction as mild or severe; Form a general impression; Allergic reactions may present as shock; Severely allergic patients may wear a medical identification tag or have begun self-treatment. Maintain high index of suspicion if: Reaction has occurred previously.
Patient has been exposed to same substance

Front 8

Assessment of ABCs in analyphaxis

Back 8

Histamines cause angioedema, & rapid airway swelling; Listen to lungs and do not hesitate to initiate high-flow oxygen therapy. decrease in circulating blood volume = shock.. Palpate radial pulse; For unresponsive patient without pulse, begin basic life support. Tx for shock. Epinephrine; prompt transport; Take patient’s medications and auto-injectors.

Front 9

Emergency medical care to a patient who is experiencing an allergic reaction.

Back 9

Remove allergen.
Perform primary assessment.
Give 100% oxygen or assist ventilation.
Place patient in upright position.
Consider potential for airway occlusion.
Consider calling early for advanced backup.
Begin basic life support measures.
Provide prompt transport to hospital.
Provide oxygen.
If necessary, treat for shock.
Maintain body heat.
Initiate IV therapy.
Place ice over injury.

Front 10

List the types of insect stings that may cause an allergic reaction, and describe specific treatment of patients with such stings.

Back 10

Use sharp, stiff object (not tweezers).
Once removed, wash with soap and water.
Position injection site below level of heart and apply cold to the area. Be alert for signs of shock or allergic reaction.

Front 11

transport decision for a patient having an allergic reaction.

Back 11

Provide prompt transport for patient having allergic reaction. Take patient’s medications and auto-injectors.

Front 12

Administering Epinephrine for anaphalyxis- considerations

Back 12

Side effects include:
Significant blood pressure increase
Tachycardia
Pallor
Dizziness
Chest pain
You may need to give more than one injection

Front 13

Tx Anaphalyxis

Back 13

All patients with suspected anaphylaxis require oxygen. Removing the offending agent, providing fluid resuscitation as needed, administering epinephrine, and transporting promptly.

Front 14

You are called to a local baseball park for a 23-year-old man with difficulty breathing. He states that he ate a package of peanuts approximately 30 minutes ago and denies any allergies or past medical history. Your assessment reveals widespread urticaria, tachycardia, and a BP of 90/60 mm Hg. You can hear him wheezing, even without a stethoscope. You should be MOST suspicious of a(n):

Back 14

severe allergic reaction.

Front 15

A young male is experiencing signs and symptoms of anaphylactic shock after being stung by a scorpion. His level of consciousness is diminished, his breathing is severely labored, you can hear inspiratory stridor, and his face is cyanotic. The patient has a prescribed epinephrine auto-injector. What should you do first?

Back 15

The patient is not breathing adequately, as noted by his decreased level of consciousness, severely labored breathing, inspiratory stridor, and cyanosis. Therefore, you should first assist his ventilations with a bag-mask device, connected to supplemental oxygen. He clearly requires epinephrine, but not before restoring adequate breathing. Regardless of the situation, a patient’s airway must be patent, and his or her breathing must remain adequate at all times.

Front 16

The MOST reliable indicator of upper airway swelling during a severe allergic reaction is:

Back 16

Stridor is a high-pitched sound that is most often heard during inhalation. It indicates swelling of the upper airway. Wheezing, a whistling sound, is caused by narrowed bronchioles; it indicates narrowing or swelling of the lower airway. Anxiety and cyanosis can occur from a variety of causes; they are not exclusive to airway swelling.

Front 17

The adult EpiPen system delivers _____ mg of epinephrine, and the infant/child system delivers _____ mg

Back 17

The adult EpiPen system delivers 0.3 mg of epinephrine via an automatic needle and syringe system; the infant/child system delivers 0.15 mg.

Front 18

When administering epinephrine by auto-injector, the AEMT should hold the injector in place for:

Back 18

10 seconds to ensure that all the medication is injected.

Front 19

The immune process in which granules burst, releasing chemicals to fight antigens

Back 19

degranulation

Front 20

2/3 of people who die from anaphylaxis do so in the first __ minutes

Back 20

30

Front 21

difference between basophils and mast cells

Back 21

They are both types of leukocytes (white blood cells), and granulocytes (containing granules), made in the bone marrow, but basophils circulate in the blood.
mast cells leave the bone marrrow in an inmature state, and mature and stay in body tissues, (connective or mucosal)

Front 22

Histamines cause ____________ which can cause rapid airway swelling and a decrease in circulating blood volume.

Back 22

angioedema

Front 23

When foreign substance invades body, body responds.
Primary response is release of white blood cells
called ____________ which greet, confront, and engulf invaders.

Back 23

Macrophages