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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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definition of an allergy? |
"a damaging immune response by the body to a substance, especially a particular food, pollen, fur or dust to which it has become hypersensitive" |
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four types of hypersensitivity reactions... |
type 1: IgE mediated type 2: antibody-mediated cytotoxic type 3: immune complex mediated type 4: delayed type hypersensitivity types 1, 2, 3 are immediate type 4 is delayed |
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type 1 hypersensitivity reaction... |
first exposure to pollen IL-4 drives B cells to produce IgE in response to pollen antigens pollen specific IgE binds to mast cell second exposure to pollen acute release of mast cell contents causes allergic rhinitis |
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effects of mast cell degranulation... |
increase in vascular permeability bronchoconstriction intestinal hypermotility inflammation tissue remodelling mucus secretion |
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define angioedema? |
swelling of the lips, tongue or face |
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release of histamine can occur by two processes... |
energy and Ca2+ dependent degranulation reaction (due to IgE, antigens and mast cells) energy and Ca2+ independent release (due to drugs such as morphine) (due to mast cell damage caused by venom or trauma) |
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H1 receptors are bound to which G protein? H2 receptors are bound to which G protein? |
Gq Gαs |
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allergic rhinitis... (hay fever) |
inhaled allergen triggers reaction in nasal mucosa watery exudate from nose, eyes, upper respiratory tract, sneezing and coughing |
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atopic dermatitis... (allergic asthma) |
often occurs in young children red skin rash strong hereditary disposition |
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2 main layers of skin? |
dermis and epidermis |
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skin structure... |
compaction due to protein filaggrin which can be broken down into amino acids to make natural moisturising factor. cells are held together by desmosomes. dead skin cells are shed when these bridges are cleaved by skin proteases |
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atopic eczema... |
genetic component that leads to the breakdown of the skin barrier relapsing/remitting environmental triggers |
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RIST? |
radioimmunosorbent test - non invasive way to identify allergies |
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acute stage eczema... |
fluid escapes from dilated dermal blood vessel to produce oedema. chronic stage - less oedema and vesiculation and more thickening of epidermis |
