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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is rhinitis?
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inflammation of the nasal mucus membrane.
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What are the predisposing factors for AR?
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1.Genetics
2.Family history of AR, asthma 3.Allergen exposure 4.Elevated serum IgE 5.Eczema 6.Higher socioeconomic class 7.Secondhand smoking 8.Positive allergy skin prick test 9.Early exposure to infections & animals is unknown |
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Seasonal AR
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"Hay Fever"
Usually spring and fall when plants bloom |
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Which pollens match with the seasons?
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Spring-Tree pollens
Fall-Weed pollens Summer-Grass pollens |
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Perennial AR
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Year round
Indoor allergens: House dust mite fecal proteins, Animal dander, cockroaches, mold |
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Allergic sensitization vs Allergic response
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Exposure 1-Ige antibodies=sensitization
Exposure 2 & subsequent exposures-IgE interacts, inflamm mediators are released=response |
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What are the effects of histamine?
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1.Stimulates irritant receptors
2.Pruritus 3.Vascular & mucosal permeability 4.Smooth muscle contraction |
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What is EPR?
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Responds in seconds or mins
Release preformed mediatiors(histamines) & Newly generated mediators(leukotrienes) |
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What are the symptoms of EPR?
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1.Congestion
2.Rhinorrhea 3.Pruritus 4.Sneezing |
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What is LPR?
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Responds in hours
Recruit eosinophil,basophil,monocyte, lymphocytes leads to inflammation Inflamm response responsible for persistent and chronic symptoms. Inflamed mucosa becomes hyperresponsive=priming effect |
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What are the symptoms of AR?
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1.Sneezing
2.Watery or clear rhinorrhea 3.Nasal congestion 4.Itching nose, eyes, throat,ears 5.Postnasal drip 6.Allergic conjunctivitis |
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What are limitations to normal daily functions?
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1.General fatigue
2.Mental fatigue 3.Anxiety 4.Depressive disorders |
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What are complications of AR?
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1.Disrupted sleep
2.Acute otitis media 3.Loss of smell or taste 4.Poor work or school performance 5.Structural facial & dental problems 6.Epistaxis 7.Chronic malaise & fatigue 8.Recurrent & chronic sinusitis |
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Diagnosis of AR
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1.History
2.Physical exam(children) 3.Allergic shiners 4.Nasal crease 5.Adenoidal breathing(mouth breathing) 6.Nasal scrapings(eosinophils) 7.Allergy testing |
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What are the 3 types of allergy testing?
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1.Percutaneous(skin tests)-wheal & flare reaction.
2.Intradermal 3.RAST |
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What is the wheal-and flare reaction?
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1st generation anti-histamines(stop 3-5 days)
2nd generation anti-histamines(stop 10 days) |
