Allen And Greenough Grammar Cards

Front 1

What names are Masculine in Latin?

Back 1

31. Names of Male beings, and of Rivers, Winds, Months, and Mountains, are masculine:—

1. pater, father; Iūlius, Julius; Tiberis, the Tiber; auster, south wind; Iānuārius, January; Apennīnus, the Apennines.

[*] Note.--Names of Months are properly adjectives, the masculine noun mēnsis, month, being understood: as, Iānuārius, January.

[*] a. A few names of Rivers ending in -a (as, Allia ), with the Greek names Lēthē and Styx, are feminine; others are variable or uncertain.

[*] b. Some names of Mountains are feminine or neuter, taking the gender of their termination: as, Alpēs (F.), the Alps; Sōracte (N.).

Front 2

What names are feminine in Latin?

Back 2

32. Names of Female beings, of Cities, Countries, Plants, Trees, and Gems, of many Animals (especially Birds), and of most abstract Qualities, are feminine:—

1. māter, mother; Iūlia, Julia; Rōma, Rome; Ītalia, Italy; rosa, rose; pīnus, pine; sapphīrus, sapphire; anas, duck; vēritās, truth.

[*] a. Some names of Towns and Countries are masculine: as, Sulmō , Gabiī (plur.); or neuter, as, Tarentum , Illyricum .

[*] b. A few names of Plants and Gems follow the gender of their termination: as, centaurēum (N.), centaury; acanthus (M.), bearsfoot; opalus (M.), opal.

[*] Note.--The gender of most of the above may also be recognized by the terminations, according to the rules given under the several declensions. The names of Roman women were usually feminine adjectives denoting their gēns or house (see § 108. b).

Front 3

What forms of expression are neuter?

Back 3

33. Indeclinable nouns, infinitives, terms or phrases used as nouns, and words quoted merely for their form, are neuter:—

1. fās, right; nihil, nothing; gummī, gum; scīre tuum, your knowledge (to know); trīste valē, a sad farewell; hōc ipsum diū, this very “long.”

Front 4

What is common gender?

Back 4

34. Many nouns may be either masculine or feminine, according to the sex of the object. These are said to be of Common Gender: as, exsul, exile; bōs, ox or cow; parēns, parent.

Front 5

To what does the term epicene refer?

Back 5

34. [*] Note.--Several names of animals have a grammatical gender, independent of sex. These are called epicene. Thus lepus, hare, is always masculine, and vulpēs, fox, is always feminine.

Front 6

What is the Nominative?

Back 6

35. a. The Nominative is the case of the Subject of a sentence.

Front 7

What is the Genitive?

Back 7

35.b. The Genitive may generally be translated by the English Possessive, or by the Objective with the preposition of.

Front 8

What is the Dative?

Back 8

35.c. The Dative is the case of the Indirect Object (§ 274). It may usually be translated by the Objective with the preposition to or for.

Front 9

What is the Accusative?

Back 9

35.d. The Accusative is the case of the Direct Object of a verb (§ 274). It is used also with many of the prepositions.

Front 10

What is the Ablative?

Back 10

35. e. The Ablative may usually be translated by the Objective with from, by, with, in, or at. It is often used with prepositions.

Front 11

What is the Vocative?

Back 11

35.f. The Vocative is the case of Direct Address.

Front 12

What are the Oblique cases and to what does the term refer?

Back 12

35.g. All the cases, except the nominative and vocative, are used as objectcases; and are sometimes called Oblique Cases ( cāsūs oblīquī ).

Front 13

What is the Locative?

Back 13

35.h. In names of towns and a few other words appear traces of another case (the Locative), denoting the place where: as, Rōmae, at Rome; rūrī, in the country.

Front 14

Besides Nominative, Genitive, Dative, Accusative, Ablative, Vocative, and Locative what is the other case sometimes used?

Back 14

35 Note -[*] Note.--Still another case, the Instrumental, appears in a few adverbs (§ 215. 4).

Front 15

How are noun declensions distinguished?

Back 15

37. Nouns are inflected in five Declensions, distinguished by the final letter (characteristic) of the Stem, and by the case-ending of the Genitive Singular.

Front 16

gate [1]

Back 16

porta

Front 17

ball [1]

Back 17

pila

Front 18

forest [1]

Back 18

silva

Front 19

sailor [1]

Back 19

nauta

Front 20

goddess [1]

Back 20

dea

Front 21

daughter [1]

Back 21

filia

Front 22

forces [1]

Back 22

copiae

Front 23

earth [1]

Back 23

terra

Front 24

Athens [1]

Back 24

Athenae (fpl)

Front 25

way [1]

Back 25

via

Front 26

Decline Aeneas [1]

Back 26

Aeneas
Aeneae
Aeneae
Aenean (-am)
Aenea
Aenea

Front 27

Decline Daphne [1]

Back 27

Daphne
Daphnes [ae]
Daphnae
Daphnen [am]
Daphne [a]
Daphne [a]

Front 28

Decline Persian [1]

Back 28

Perses
Persae
Persae
Persen [am]
Perse [a]
Persa

Front 29

Decline comet [1]

Back 29

cometes [a]
cometae
cometae
cometen [am]
cometa

Front 30

When does one find Greek forms?

Back 30

44.a. Greek forms are found only in the singular; the plural, when it occurs, is regular: as, comētae, -ārum, etc.

Front 31

town [2]

Back 31

oppidum

Front 32

danger [2]

Back 32

periculum

Front 33

Corinth

Back 33

Corinthus [f]

Front 34

free [1/2]

Back 34

liber

Front 35

sacred [1/2]

Back 35

sacer