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124 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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accelerando
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gradually growing faster
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accidental
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chromatic alteration of a note from the key signature until the next bar line (can be extended by a tie)
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ad libitum (ad lib) or a piacere
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at pleasure, at will
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"ad libitum" sounds like "at liberty". when you do something at liberty, you do it at your own will.
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a due (a 2)
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for two parts
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alla breve
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2/2 time, cut time
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allargando
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getting slower and louder
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amoroso
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with love, with warm feeling
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"amore" is the Italian word for love
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animato or con anima
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lively, animated, spirited
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"animato" is the Italian word for animated
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appassionato or passione
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passionate, fervent
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"appassionato" is the Italian word for passionate
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assai
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much, very
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a tempo
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return to the original tempo
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attacca
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continue without a pause
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bravura
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great technical skill
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brillante
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sparkling, spirited
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"brillante" means brilliant, bright, and starry in Italian.
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cadenza
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a brilliant (often highly technical) solo, often found at the end of a movement or a piece
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cadence
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the close of a melodic or harmonic phrase
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"cadence" and "close" both start with a 'c'
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calmanda or calmato
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quieting down, subsiding
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you quiet down when you CALM down
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cantando or cantibile
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in a singing style, lyrical
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"cantando" is Italian for singing
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capriccioso
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fanciful, freely
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"capriccioso" is the italian word for fanciful
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coda
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a concluding passage added to the form proper
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con
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with
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con brio
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with vigor, vigorously
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con forza
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with force, strength
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con fuoco
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with fire, passionately
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con sordino
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with mute
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con spirito or spiritoso
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with spirit
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crescendo
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becoming louder
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da capo (D.C.)
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from the beginning
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dal segno (D.S.)
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from the sign
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decrescendo (decresc.)
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becoming softer
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diatonic
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notes within a given scale or key
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diminuendo (dim.)
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becoming softer
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divisi
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divided parts where there is normally one
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dolce
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sweet, gentle
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doppio movimento
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twice as fast
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double flat
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lower by one full step
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double sharp
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raise by one full step
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dynamics
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the level of loudness
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pianississimo (ppp)
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very, very soft
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pianissimo (pp)
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very soft
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piano (p)
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soft
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mezzo piano (mp)
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medium soft
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mezzo forte (mf)
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medium loud
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forte (f)
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loud
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fortissimo (ff)
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very loud
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fortississimo (fff)
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very, very loud
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e, ed, or et
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and
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espressivo
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with feeling, with expression
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etude
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a study or exercise focusing on a particular technical or musical problem
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fermata
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a pause or hold
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finale
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last movement of a multi-movement work
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fine
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the end
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forzando
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a strong accent
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"forzando" sounds like force. you are strong if you have force.
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giocoso
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humorous, playful
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giusto
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exact, appropriate or usual tempo
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glissando
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a glide from one note t o the next
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grazioso
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graceful
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interval
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pitch difference between two notes
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key signature
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sharps or flats placed at the beginning of a selection indicating its key
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largamente
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broadly
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legato
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smooth, even, without breaks between notes
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l'istesso tempo
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at the same tempo
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loco
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return to normal position
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maestoso
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majestic, with dignity
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marcato
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accented, stressed
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marcia
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march
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meno
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less
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molto
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much, very
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morendo
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fading away
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mosso or moto
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moved, motion
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non
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no, do not
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nuance
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subtle shading in style
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ossia
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an alternate version
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pesante
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weighty, ponderous
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piu
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more
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pochissimo
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as little as possible
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poco a poco
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little by little
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"poco" is the spanish word for little
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pomposo
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stately, pompous
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quasi
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almost, as if
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rallentando (rall.)
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becoming slower
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ritardando (ritard. or rit.)
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becoming slower
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ritenuto (riten.)
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imediately slower
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rinforzando (rfz.)
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a sudden accent
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rubato
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free use of accel. or rit. within a measure without altering the duration of the measure as a whole
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sans or senza
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without
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scherzando
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playfully
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segue
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continue without pausing
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sempre
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always, throughout
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sforzando (sfz.)
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a sudden accent
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simile
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in the same manner
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soli
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a section solo, a group of soloists
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solo
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a part for one performer
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sonore
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resounding, loud
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sordino
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mute
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sostenuto (sost.)
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sustained
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staccato
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detached
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stringendo (string.)
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growing faster
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subito (sub.)
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suddenly, at once
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"subito" sounds a little like "suddenly"
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tacet
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be silent
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tempo
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rate of speed
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grave
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solomn and very, very slow
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largo
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very slow
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adagio, lento, larghetto
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slow
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andante
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moderately slow
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andantino
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slightly faster than andante
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moderato
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moderate, neither fast nor slow
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allegretto
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moderately fast
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allegro
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fast and lively
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vivo, vivace
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very fast and intense
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presto
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the fastest conventional tempo
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when a magician says "presto!" a change happens very fast
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prestissimo
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as fast as possible
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tenuto (ten.)
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held, sustained for full value
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timbre
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tone color
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tranquillo
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quiet, peaceful
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"tranquillo" sounds like tranquil. tranquility is peaceful.
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trill (tr.)
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a rapid alteration between the written note and the diatonic second above it
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troppo
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too much
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tutti
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all, with all performers
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un, una, uno
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one
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unison
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together on the same part or in octaves
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Major Scales
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diatonic scales with half-steps between 3-4 and 7-8
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Natural Minor Scales
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diatonic scales with half-steps between 2-3 aned 5-6
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Harmonic Minor Scales
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natural minor scales with the 7th scale degree raised a half-step. This adds a half-step between 7-8, and an interval of 1 1/2 steps between 6-7.
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Melodic Minor Scales
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natural scales where the 6th and 7th scale degrees are raised on half step in the ascending form creating half steps between 2-3 and 7-8. These notes are lowered to their natural state in the descending scale, making it identical to the natural minor.
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Chromatic Scales
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scales which proceed by half-step from the first not to the last note
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