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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Picornviridae
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+ ssRNA
icosahedral with no evelope |
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Coxackievirus A and B
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A: summer/fall cycle, causes cold
herpangina (vascular pharyngitis) anorexia, dysphagia Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease hemorrhagic conjunctivits summer grippe aseptic meningitis B: summer grippe myalgia aseptic meningitis neonatal diseases colds diabetes macular/papular rash diagnose by immunoflorescence amoung others |
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ECHOvirus
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infects respiratory epithelial cells
causes: summer aseptic meningitis, summer epidemics of febrile illness, diarrhea |
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Rhinovirus
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Nasopharyngeal isolation
-acid labile 100 serotypes causes URI |
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Corona Virus
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ssRNA, poly A tail
helical nucleocapsid form peplomers formation of a replicative intermediate Causes: bronchitis in adults, colds, pharyngitis, SARS |
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Adenovirus
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no envelope
icosahedral capsid made up of hexons and pentons dense nucleocapsid DNA ->early mRNA -> early proteins -> progeny ->late mRNA and proteins -> NON LYTIC RELEASE oncogenic properties causes URI |
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Adenovirus Manifestation, Dx, and Tx
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URI's
symptoms from drying epithelium targest conjunctiva, epithelium, lymph nodes, IRDS, elderly and military ARD - new military recruits keratoconjunctivits - shipyards pneumonia in children febrile pharyngitis in children immunity for 10 years can be in adenoids for long periods of time serology to Dx can give vaccine for types 4 and 7 |
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Orthomyxoviridae
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- ssRNA
segmented, helical, enveloped takes DONATED cellular mRNA H antigen - infectivity N antigen - reduce viscosity, and budding types A, B, and C |
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Manifestations of Orthomyxoviridae
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droplets spread to epithelium
H - attachment IgA is most important for immunity fever chills, drowsiness, NO viremia, can lead to secondary pneumonia |
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Influenza B
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less frequent drift and shift
usually affects children Reyes syndrome guillan barre |
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Flu Epidemics and Pandemics
and Treatments |
H - major antigen for immunity, 11 subtypes
N - added effect of N antigen changes Antigenic Drift - cause by point mutations, leads to epidemics (minor immunity) Antigenic shift - segment reasortment with animal virus. causes pandemics. no AB immunity amantadine and rimantadine - blocks uncoating - must be early - type A only Ribavarin - inhibits viral synthesis Zanamivir and Oseltamivir - treat A and B, inhibit neuramidase |
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Flu Vaccines
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TIV - inactivated virus
people 6 months and older. egg allergy contraindicated split vaccine - anti N and H non toxic and non pyrogenic very small or no egg contamination LAIV - flumist generates IgA and IgG not for pregnant or immunocomprimised |
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Strep Pneumo
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gram + cocci with capsule
infections can be endogenous or exogenous sources bile soluble, alpha hemolytic (aerobically) or beta hemolytic (anerobically) CATALASE negative has capsule, IgA proteases, adhesins, and pneumolysin |
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Manifestations, Dx, and Tx of Strep Pneumo
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highest risk in children, immuno depressed, and smokers
causes lobar pneumonia usually (4 phases) can also cause meningitis, sinusitis, otitis media Dx with gram stain, bile sensitivity, and quellung reaction treat with penicillin G, Vanc (in penicillin allergy) vaccine available |
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Psuedomonas Aeruginosa
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opportunistic
major infection in CF patients nosocomial pneumonia immunocomprimised patients gram - rod, aerobic, motile simple growth req. ubiquitous forms biofilms exotoxin A, exoenzyme S, elastase, colonizes, glycocalyx prevents clearance |
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Manifestations, Dx, and Tx of Psuedomonas
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type III hypersensitivity
causes pneumonia, bilateral bronchopneumonia osteomylelitis septicemia malignant otitis externa Dx with variety of medias for growth, and serology Tx treat with antipsuedomonas penicillins, ticarcillin, piperacillin and an aminoglycoside |
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Mycobacterium TB
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obligate intracellular aerobic rod
acid fast - waxy cell wall infection person to person by aerosols grows very slowly prevents acidification of phagosome - escapes |
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Pathogenesis of Mycobacteria Tuberculosis
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inhaled - infiltrates macros and PMN - NOT destroyed - multiply - disseminate through body - CELL mediated immunity kills all macros - causes necrosis - fibrin and calcium deposits - GHON COMPLEX
primary infection can be asymptomatic (more likely) or symptomatic secondary TB - occurs in apex from reactivated lesions occurs during weakened immune periods can infect the pleura, heart, kidneys, liver, bone, and brain |
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AIDS and TB
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kills patients very rapidly
can respond to therapy if caught early 500x the incidence of the gen pop Mycobacertium Avium Int. is more common, but more drug resistant -treat with rifabutin, macrolides, ethambutol, clofazimine, FQN |
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TB Dx and Tx
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careful history
PPD + CXR + sputum stain culture takes 2 months Tx with "RESPI" rifampin ethambutol streptomycin pyridazole isozianide INH |
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Chlamydia
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very small
lacks peptidoglycan found in columnar epi cells obligate intracellular parasite infects with elementary body becomes metabolically active in the form of reticuclate body |
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Chamydia Pneumoniae
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human to human spread
causes bronchitis, pneumonia, sinusitis, associated with ATHERSCLEROSIS cause dry cough, fever, and diffuse infiltrate in pneumonia Dx by serology or PCR Tx with erythromycin, doxycycline, or FGN |
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Chlamydia Psittaci
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come from birds (dried feces)
usually elderly people causes and LRI and hepatosplenomegaly -anorexia, myalgia, macular rash... Dx with serology Tx tetracycline erythromycin to prevent, you must treat birds |
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legionella
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causes Pontiac's fever and legionaire's disease
pneumophilia type 1 most common slender gram negative rod fastifious, metabolizes AA coccobacillus in tissue survives in biofilm spread by water source aerosols - binds C3b receptors - endocytosis - inhibits phagolysome fusion - proliferates - lyses cell can cause pneumonia in immunocomprimised survive chlorine breaks down muscle and liver legionaire's disease has very high fevers and atypical lobar pneumonia Dx - microscopy, culture, antigen detection Tx - cannot use penicillins, use macrolides, azolides, FQN, cyclines |
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Blastomycosis
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dimorphi
rarest systemic fungal infection adult males, mississippi valey, great lakes causes acute and chronic pulmonary infections chronic can mimic bronchogenic carcinoma Dx with silver stain Tx with Ampho B or itraconazole |
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Parracoccidioidomycosis
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dimorphic
adult males found in south america> BRAZIL causes a granulomatous disease white plaques in mucus membranes teeth fall out Dx by microscopy - see pilot's wheel formation Tx with itraconazole followed by amphotericin B |
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Histoplasmosis
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dimorphic
NON-encapsulated survive in macrophages H. Capsulatum - river valleys, mexico, south america H. Ca Duboisii - Africa found in places with bird and bat feces potential for outbreaks commonly asymptomatic can cause pneumonia with flu like symptoms chronic illness leads to calcium lesions (looks like TB) Dx by microscopy, serology, or skin tests Tx with Ampho B |
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Coccidioidomycosis
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dimorphic
found in western hemisphere and in desert climates commonly seen in AIDS patients flu like pneumonia can disseminate macular rash, and SLE like complex formation Dx - microscopy Tx - Amphotericin B |
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Asperilligosis
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has branching hyphae
produces mycotoxins that can cause liver cancer people are allergic and can show bronchopulmonary symptoms when infected can be disseminated in AIDS patients Dx by microscopy Tx with Ampho B |
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Pneumocystitis jivoreci
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opportunistic
very common in aids patients pneumonia that resembles mycoplasma pneumonaie rounded cup on silver stain treat with TMSM |
