All About Science

Front 1

Igneous rock that formed from magma cooling below the surface is called _________ igneous rock.

Back 1

Intrusive

Front 2

Rock that forms from the cooling of magma or lava is called _____________ rock.

Back 2

Igneous

Front 3

Igneous rock that formed from lava that cools on the surface is called __________ igneous rock.

Back 3

Extrusive

Front 4

When all the grains are large and easy to see, the rock has a _______ texture.

Back 4

Coarse

Front 5

When all the grains are so small that they can't be seen even with a

microscope, the rock has a _______ texture.

Back 5

Glassy

Front 6

When all the grains are small and difficult to see, the rock has a ______

texture.

Back 6

Fine

Front 7

A rock's texture refers to the ______, _________, and ___________ of the rock's mineral grains.

Back 7

Size, shape, pattern

Front 8

A rock that contains a

metal or economically useful mineral is called an _______.

Back 8

Ore

Front 9

A rock is generally made up of a mixture of _______________ and __________________ _____________________.

Back 9

Minerals, other material

Front 10

An igneous rock that has a course grain texture like granite, would be an _______________________

igneous rock.

Back 10

Intrusive

Front 11

An igneous rock that has a fine grain texture like

basalt, would be an ___________________ igneous rock.

Back 11

Extrusive

Front 12

What is the most abundant intrusive igneous rock and extrusive rock?

Back 12

Granite, basalt

Front 13

Where do metamorphic rocks form?

Back 13

Deep underground

Front 14

_____________ and _________________ deep

beneath the Earth's surface can change any rock into a metamorphic rock.

Back 14

Heat, pressure

Front 15

A _________ metamorphic rock has mineral grains that are arranged into

layers and split easily.

Back 15

Foliated

Front 16

A ____________

metamorphic rock has mineral grains that are

arranged randomly and DO NOT split into layers.

Back 16

Non-foliated

Front 17

A type of sedimentary rock formed when rock

fragments are squeezed together is called __________.

Back 17

Clastic

Front 18

The process in which

dissolved minerals

crystallize and glue

particles of sediment

together is called______________.

Back 18

Cementation

Front 19

________________ is the

process by which rocks are broken into smaller pieces.

Back 19

Weathering

Front 20

When rocks are weathered, the smaller pieces of rocks are called __________________.

Back 20

Sediments

Front 21

____________ is the process by which sediment is moved to another location.

Back 21

Erosion

Front 22

__________________________ is the process by which

sediments are pressed

together in layers.

Back 22

Compaction

Front 23

The __________ __________________ is a

series of processes on Earth's surface and

interior that slowly

changes rocks from one kind to another.

Back 23

Rock cycle

Front 24

In the rock cycle, before a metamorphic rock can be changed into a

sedimentary rock, it must go through _________________.

Back 24

WEDCC

Front 25

In the rock cycle, before a sedimentary rock can be changed into a

metamorphic rock, it must ________________________________________________________________________________.

Back 25

Undergo extreme heat and pressure

Front 26

The preserved remains or traces of an organism is called a _______________.

Back 26

Fossil

Front 27

Most fossils form when

living things die and their remains are buried by ____________________.

Back 27

Sediment

Front 28

________________________ is the process by which all the different kinds of living things have changed over long periods of time.

Back 28

Evolution

Front 29

What evidence to geologist use to determine where one unit of geologic time ends and when the next unit begins?

Back 29

Fossil

Front 30

The age of a rock

compared to the ages of other rocks is describing the ___________________ age.

Back 30

Relative

Front 31

The law of superposition states that in horizontal sedimentary rock layers, each layer is ____________ than the one above it.

Back 31

Older

Front 32

The Principle of ___________________________ states that landforms on Earth were created through slow, gradual

geologic processes rather than by a catastrophic event.

Back 32

Uniformatarianism

Front 33

An _________________ fossil is a type of fossil that is

widely distributed and only lived for a short period of time.

Back 33

Index

Front 34

Radioactive dating enable geologist to determine the ________________________ age of rocks and fossils.

Back 34

Absolute

Front 35

The Precambrian Time which includes most of Earth's history begins with what even?

Back 35

The formation of Earth

Front 36

About 250 million years ago, all the continents moved together to form one single land mass called _________________.

Back 36

Pangaea

Front 37

Currently we are in the ______________________ Era.

Back 37

Cenozoic

Front 38

If a coal deposit is found in Antarctica, what can you infer about the past

environment of that area?

Back 38

It was once warm and swampy

Front 39

If a fossilized marine

organism was found in a desert, what can you infer about the past

environment of that area?

Back 39

It was once under salt

water

Front 40

What information can fossils provide for us?

Back 40

*Evidence of how life has changed over time (simple to complex)

*Scientist can infer about how Earth's surface has changed.

*Clues to what past

environments were like (climate)

Front 41

A ____________________

resource is one that can be replaced at the same rate at which it is consumed.

Back 41

Renewable

Front 42

A ____________________________ resource is one that can't be replaced at the same rate at which it is consumed.

Back 42

Nonrenewable

Front 43

_________________ _______________________ are considered nonrenewable because they take millions of years for Earth to make them.

Back 43

Fossil Fuels

Front 44

The 3 main fossil fuels are ____________________, ______________, and _________________________ _______________.

Back 44

Coal, oil, natural gas

Front 45

Of the 3 fossil fuels, _______________ ___________ produces the least amount of air pollution.

Back 45

Natural gas

Front 46

______________________

energy uses the Earth's heat to produce energy.

Back 46

Geothermal

Front 47

______________________

power uses the heat

produced from nuclear

fission reactions.

Back 47

Nuclear

Front 48

_________________ power uses the movement of large quantities of water near the coastline to

produce energy.

Back 48

Tidal

Front 49

________________ is formed from the remains of plants and animals.

Back 49

Coal

Front 50

___________ and _______________ ______________ is formed from the remains of tiny marine organisms.

Back 50

Oil, natural gas

Front 51

___________ produces the greatest amount of

electricity in the U.S.

Back 51

Coal

Front 52

Energy __________________ is reducing or wisely using energy to avoid its waste.

Back 52

Conservation

Front 53

Switching the crops you plant in different fields from year to year is an

example of _________________ ___________________________.

Back 53

Crop rotation

Front 54

A home that has good _________________ will

conserve energy by

blocking the transfer of heat between the air

inside and outside.

Back 54

Conservation

Front 55

As our demand for energy increases and our supply of fossil fuels decreases, as a result, we will become more dependent on using _______________ energy sources.

Back 55

Alternative