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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Addition of HX
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in ether, Markovnikov
1 eq = vinylic halide 2 eq = geminal dihalide |
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Addition of X2
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in CH2Cl2
Halonium ion 1 eq = trans addition 2 eq = anti addition to halo alkene |
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Hydration (Hg)
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HgSO4 in H2SO4
most stable C+ |
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Hydration (Hg)
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HgSO4 in H2SO4 solution
Hg as E+, HOH as Nu enol-keto tautomerization terminal - methyl ketone symmetrical - 1 ketone unsymmetrical - mixed ketones |
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Hydroboration
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with BH3 or 9BBN in H2O2 and OH
empty B p-orbital as E+ non-Markovnikov enol-keto tautomerization |
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KMnO4 cleavage
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in acid solution
terminal - carb acid + CO2 symmetrical - single carb acid unsymmetrical - mix of carb acids |
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H2 addition (Pt/Pd)
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first addition - both H on same face
second addition - makes alkane |
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H2 addition (Lindlar)
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Lindlar = PbAc and quinone
unreactive toward alkenes results in Z alkene |
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H2 addition (Li, NH3)
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Li donates e- to alkyne
Vinylic C radical anion takes H from NH3 Li donates 2nd e- to other vinylic C radical which takes another H from NH3 E alkene results |
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Z hydrogenation
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H2 addition with Lindlar catalyst
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E hydrogenation
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H2 addition in liquid ammonia with Li metal
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