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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Alkyl Halide |
Halogen Directly to sp3 |
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Vinyl Halide |
Halogen bonded to sp2 of alkene |
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Aryl Halide |
Halogen bonded to sp2 carbon of benzene ring |
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Methylene Halide |
CH2X2 |
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Haloform |
CHX3 |
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Carbon Tetrahalide |
CX4 |
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Methyl Halides |
Halide is attached to methyl group |
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Primary Alkyl Halide |
Carbon to which halogen is bonded to one other carbon |
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Secondary Alkyl Halide |
Carbon to which halogen is bonded is attached to two other carbons |
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Tertiary Alkyl Halide |
Carbon to which halogen is attached to three other carbons |
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Geminal Dihalide |
Two halogen atoms bonded to the same carbon |
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Vicinal Dichloride |
Two halogen atoms bonded to adjacent carbons |
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Higher BP |
Greater IMF, Greater Mass, Less spherical shape |
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Bromination |
Highly selective, 3 carbons> 2 carbons> 1 carbon |
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SN2 |
CH3X>1>2, Strong Nucleophile, Polar Aprotic solvent, Rate=k[alkyl halide][Nuc], Inversion at chiral carbon, No rearrangements |
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SN1 |
3>2, Weak nucleophile, Polar Protic Solvent, Rate=k[alkyl halide], Racemization, Rearranged products |
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Polar Protic Solvents |
Acidic hydrogens, solvate nucleophile |
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Polar Aprotic Solvents |
Cannot H bond, make SN2 reactions faster |
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Sn2 |
One step Reaction |
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Sn1 |
Two steps, carbocation intermediate |
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E1 |
Unimolecular elimination, lost a hydrogen and halide, nucleophile acts as base, 2 steps |
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E2 |
Elimination, bimolecular, requires a strong base, proton is lost, double bond forms, leaving group leaves, 1 step |
