Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What products are created? (5) |
1.marine phycocolloids(algae proteins) –agar –alginates –carrageenan 2.human food –e.g. nori 3.Phytonutrients 4.Non-human foods –agriculture and aquaculture feeds –plants conditioners/fertilizers 5.Biotechnology and bioconversion |
|
|
Microalgae culture two main products |
1.Nutraceuticals(health supplements) •particularly carotenoids 2.Aquaculture feed •for shellfish and marine hatcheri |
|
|
Microalgae Biofuel Advantages |
–fast growth rate –accumulate high quantities of lipids for biodiesel and bioethanol production –effective land utilization –CO2 sequestration –self purification (with wastewater treatment) |
|
|
Species that are cultured? |
–Rhodophyta54% of seaweed culture –Phaeophyceae43.8% –Chlorophyta2.2 % |
|
|
Microalgae cultured? |
Cyanophyta •Chlorophyta •Coccolithophyceae •Bacillariophyceae •Haptophyta |
|
|
Where is seaweed Cultured? |
•China: largest in tonnage (53.8% world production) –Laminaria, Porphyra •Indonesia: 27.3%; Philippines: 7.1% –Eucheuma, Gracilaria, Gelidium -agar & carrageenans •Korea: some higher value products (5.8%) –Porphyra, Laminaria, Undaria •Japan: most high value products (1.8%)–Porphyra, Laminaria, Undaria |
|
|
How is algae cultured? |
1.Natural substrate (extensive) •simplest, most primitive, Porphyra, Laminaria •no added fertilizers •erratic and unpredictable, relies on environmental conditions 2.Long line (semi-intensive) •mostly kelps 3.Net (semi-intensive): •preferred for Porphyra 4.Salt pond (semi-intensive) •gracilaria 5.Tank (intensive) (very “hands on”) •Chondrus, Gracilaria, Gelidium •nurseries for kelps and Porphyra |
|
|
Problems with seaweed culture? (7) |
1.Disease–both fungal and bacterial pathogens 2.Bio-fouling–Phyllospadix, diatoms, bryozoans 3.Herbivorous pests–isopods, amphipods, gastropods 4.Weather–hurricanes, typhoons 5.Ice 6.Extreme temperature/light 7.Public perception |
|
|
Extensive Culture vs semi-intensive vs intensive |
1. Extensive Culture –Low density (0.1-0.5 g L-1) dry weight –Earthen ponds, salt lakes, halophilic(Dunaliella) –Little input, little mixing, limited control, large area needed –outdoors –Low labourcosts; Mixed algae: population of diatoms and flagellates –Relies on environnemental conditions 2. Semi-intensive Culture –Low density (~1.0 g L-1) –Concrete circular ponds, raceways, (Chlorella, Spirulina) –Better mixing (min. 10 cm/s), some control, contamination? 3. Intensive Culture –High density (1.0-10.0 g L-1), best control, smaller area –Bag culture, bioreactors (tubes, flat plates, towers, coils) –Axenic (sterile) and monocultured –Batch Culture: feed out the whole vessel –Feed out during stationary phase –Semi-continuous: feed out some, then top up vessel with media •Maintain exponential growth phase |
|
|
What does IMTA stand for? |
Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture |
