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9 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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central alexia
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w/ agraphia. impairment of "deeper" or "higher" reading mechanisms. read/write disturbance, can copy, cannot name letters, read out loud or comprehend spelled words. usu aphasic w/ components of gerstmann, some hemisensory loss or right homonymous hemianopsia. inferior parietal lobe of language dominant hemisphere, centering on ANGULAR GYRUS; typically damage to both cortex and white matter.
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posterior alexia
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w/o agraphia (aka pure alexia or peripheral alexia). most common and results from disruption of processing visual aspects of stimulus. writing is usu WNL, but can't read or comprehend what is written. may read very slowly and laboriously. trouble copying written language. disconnection syndrome - typically infarction of left posterior artery territory, including L OCCIP LOBE, splenium of CC (spares angular gyrus). R hom. hemi. and color naming disturbance. read letter by letter, cannot match word to visual orthographic repres.
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alexia
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ACQUIRED deficit in ability to interpret written language
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neglect alexia
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type of peripheral alexia encountered in pts w/ L neglect, chop off initial portion of letter string; can occur without overt signs of L neglect
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attentional alexia
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type of peripheral alexia char by normal single word reading but gross disruption when reading text or in presence of other words- combine parts of words "blending." impaired vis attn
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deep dyslexia
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type of central dyslexia; semantic errors "bird" for canary, more probs w/ words w/ low imageability ("destiny"). part-of-speech effect (nouns>modifiers (adjs and adverbs)>verbs. probs w/ functors (pronouns, preps, conjs, interrogatives), impaired reading of nonwords; substituted word may be a semantic paralexia, a totally incorrect word, or neologism (“infant” could be read as “baby” “basement” or “garvon”); Syntactic (functional) words are almost totally omitted
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frontal alexia or "third alexia"
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probs naming letters but can recognize some written words; severe agraphia, recognize some semantically meaningful words but not function words (agrammatism of written language); R hemiplegia, nonfluent aphasia, may have neglect. aka literal alexia. L frontal damage
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phonological dyslexia
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an inability to make spelling-to-sound correspondence rules results in visual paralexias; real words misread as visually similar words (“cat” for “car”); better reading of high frequency words
spelling usually impaired |
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surface dyslexia
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type of central dyslexia; grapheme-to-phoneme conversion disorder; can’t read words with irregular orthography (e.g., “tough” read as “tug”); can read words with regular orthography
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