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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Agent that is metabolized to acetaldehyde by alcohol dehydrogenase and MEOS
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Ethanol
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Agent w/ zero-order kinetics
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Ethanol
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Rate limiting step of alcohol metabolism
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Aldehyde dehydrogenase
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System that increases in activity w/ chronic exposure and may contribute to tolerance
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MEOS
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Agent that metabolizes acetaldehyde to acetate
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Aldehyde dehydrogenase
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Agents that inhibit alcohol dehydrogenase
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Disulfiram, metronidazole, certain sulfonylureas, cephalosporins, and oral hypoglycemics
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Agent used in the treatment of alcoholism, if alcohol is consumed concurrently, acetaldehyde builds up and results in nausea, headache, flushing and hypotension
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Disulfiram
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The most common neurologic abnormality in chronic alcoholics
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Peripheral neuropathy (also excessive alcohol use is assoc w/ HTN, anemia and MI)
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Agent that is teratogen and causes a fetal syndrome
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Ethanol
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Agent that is the old antidote for methanol overdose
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IV Ethanol
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Drug that inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase and is used in ethylene glycol exposure
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Fomepizole
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Blood levels of ethanol associated w/ gross drunkeness
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120 to 160 mg/dL
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Levels of greater than 300 mg/dL of ethanol may lead to
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Loss of consciousness, anesthesia, and coma w/ sometimes fatal respiratory and CV depression
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Lethal blood levels of ethanol
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Greater than 500 mg/dL
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MOA of ethanol
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Facilitates the action of GABA at GABA(A) receptors, inhibits the ability of glutamae to activate NMDA receptors, and modifies the activities of adenyl cyclase, phospholipase C, and ion channels
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A syndrome of ataxia, confusion, and paralysis of the extraocular muscles that is assoc w/ chronic alcoholism and thiamine deficiency
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Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
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Vascular smooth muscle relaxation due to ethanol causes
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Vasodilation, sometimes w/ marked hypothermia
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Ethanol's effects on uterine smooth muscle
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Relaxes
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Ethanol has cross tolerance w/:
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Sedative hypnotic drugs that facilitate GABA activity (eg benzos and barbituates)
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Ethanol's effects on glucose w/ chronic use
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Reduced gluconeogenesis can lead to hypoglycemia
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Endocrine abnormalities that result from chronic ethanol consumption
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Gynecomastia, testicular atrophy, and salt retention; partly b/c of altered steroid metabolism in cirrhosis of the liver
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Chronic alcoholism is assoc w/ these neoplasms
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GI tract and breast cancer (small)
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Heavy alcohol use predisposes to this infection
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Pneumonia
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Standard treatment of excessive CNS depression due to alcohol
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IV dextrose
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Management of abstinence syndrome due to ethanol
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Correction of electrolyte imbalance and admin of thiamine and a sedative hypnotic
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Drug used to avoid DTs
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Long-acting benzons (diazepam, chlordizepoxide)
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This opiod receptor antagonist is useful in treatment of alcoholism, through its ability to decrease the effects of endogenous opioid peptides in the brain
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Naltrexone
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NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist used for Treatment of alcoholism
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Acamprosate
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Intoxication from this alcohol causes visual dysfunction, GI distress, SOB, LOC, and coma
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Methanol
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This alcohol is metabolized to formaldehyde and formic acid, which can cause severe acidosis, retinal damage and blindness
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Methanol
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Pharm agent used to tx methanol intoxication
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Fomepizole
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Consumption of this alcohol causes severe acidosis and renal damage due to the production of oxalic acid
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Ethylene Glycol
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