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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Ethylene glycol is converted to ------- ------ by alcohol dehydrogenase. This product can lead to acidosis and nephrotoxicity.
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oxalic acid.
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Alcohol dehyrogenase also converts methanol to formaldehyde and formic acid, which can cause severe ----- and damage to the -------.
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acidosis. retina
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Ethanol competes with ethylene glycol and methanol (if present) for alcohol dehydrogenase. ADH action on EtOH produces -------.
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acetaldehyde
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What symptoms does acetaldehyde cause?
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nausea, vomiting, headache, hypotension
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Acetaldehyde itself can be metabolized by acetaldehyde dehydrogenase to ----- -----.
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acetic acid.
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Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase is inhibited by what drug?
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disulfiram.
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Give the clinical uses for the following herbal agents.
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0
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echinacea clinical use and toxicities
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common cold; GI distress, dizziness, headache
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ephedra
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as for ephedrine; CNS and cardiovascular stimulation, arrhythmia, stroke, seizures at high doses
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feverfew clinical use and toxicities
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migraine; gi distress, mouth ulcers, antiplatelet actions
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ginko
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intermittent claudication; gi distress, anxiety insomnia headache antiplatelet
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kava clinical use and toxicities
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chronic anxiety; gi distress, sedation, ataxia, hepatotoxicity, phototoxicity, dermatotoxicity
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milk thistle clinical use and toxicities
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viral hepatitis, loose stools
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saw palmetto clinical use and toxicities
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benign prostatic hyperplasia; gi distress, dec libido, hypertension
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St. John's wort clinical use and toxicities
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mild to moderate depression; gi distress and phototoxicity, serotonin syndrome with SSRI's; inhibits P450 syndrome
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dehyroepiandrosterone clinical use and toxicities
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symptomatic improvement in females with SLE or AIDS; androgenization (premenopausal), estrogenic (postmenopausal), feminization (young men)
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Melatonin clinical use and toxicities
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jet lag, insomnia; sedation, suppresses midcycle LH, hypoprolactinemia
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0
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0
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Give the toxicities for the following herbal agents.
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0
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echinacea
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GI distress, dizziness, and headache
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ephedra
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CNS and cardiovascular stimulation; arrhythmias, stroke and seizures at high doses.
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feverfew
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GI distress, mouth ulcers, antiplatelet actions
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ginko
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GI distress, anxiety, insomnia, headache, and antiplatelet actions
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kava
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GI distress, sedation, ataxia, hepatotoxicity, phototoxicity, dermatotoxicity
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milk thistle
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loose stools
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saw palmetto
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GI distress, decreased libido, hypertension
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St. John's wort
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GI distress and phototoxicity; serotonin syndrome with SSRIs
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dehyroepiandrosterone
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Androgenization (premenopausal women), estrogenic effects (postmenopausal), feminization (young men)
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Melatonin
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Sedation, suppresses midcycle LH, hypoprolactinemia
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-ane
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inhalational general anesthetic. Halothane
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-azepam
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benzodiazepine. Diazepam
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-azine
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phenothiazine (neuroleptic, antiemetic). Chlorpromazine
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-azole
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antifungal. Ketoconazole
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-barbital
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barbiturate. Phenobarbital
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-caine
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local anesthetic. Lidocaine
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-cillin
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penicillin. Methicillin
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-cycline
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antibiotic, protein synthesis inhibitor. Tetracycline
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-ipramine
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tricyclic antidepressant. Imipramine
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-navir
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protease inhibitor. Saquinavir
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-olol
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beta antagonist. Propranolol
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-operidol
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butyrophenone (neuroleptic). Haloperidol
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-oxin
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cardiac glycoside (inotropic agent). Digoxin
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-phylline
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methylxanthine. Theophylline
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-pril
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ACE inhibitor. Captopril
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-terol
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beta-2 agonist. Albuterol
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-tidine
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H2 antagonist. Cimetidine
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-triptyline
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tricyclic antidepressant. Amitriptyline
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-tropin
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pituitary hormone. Somatotropin
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-zosin
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alpha-1 antagonist. Prazosin
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