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73 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How much defines one drink? |
12 oz beer, 5 oz wine, 1/2 oz shot of alc |
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What % alc to be considered alcoholic beverage? |
2% |
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Alcohol is made up of... |
ethyl alcohol, Rum: molasses/sugar cane Vodka : potatoes |
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Alcohol is absorbed in the... |
bloodstream, stomach, small intestine, and colon |
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In men, what % alcohol is absorbed by the stomach? |
10-20% |
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In women, what % alcohol is absorbed by the stomach? |
almost none |
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Women have a ________ BAC then men for the _______ amount of consumption |
higher, same |
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Women absorb ________% more alcohol then men why? |
30% women have a lower percentage of body water then men women have less alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme (ADH) in the stomach compared to men Changes in gonadal hormone levels during menstruation |
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women feel the ___________ effects faster and more intensely |
psychoactive |
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Metabolism and breakdown of alcohol happens at what rate? |
1 oz every 3 hours |
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The legal limit for all 50 states |
.08 |
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female alcoholics have a death rate ____% higher than men |
50-100% |
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A more negative stigma is attached to the _______alcoholic than _____ |
female, male |
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Female alcoholics typically _____ the disease longer and get _______ later |
hide, help |
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Highest levels of BAC occur______ minutes after ingestion |
30-90 |
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Factors that speed Absorption |
increasing the amount drunk increasing the rate of drinking drinking on an empty stomach using high alcohol concentrations in drinks carbonated drinks warming alcohol |
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Factors that Slow Absorption |
Eating before or while drinking diluting drinks with ice, water, or juice drinking slower, and less |
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________% of alcohol is eliminated directly without being metabolized via the |
2-10% lungs, sweat, saliva, and urine |
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______% of alcohol is neutralized through metabolism through.... |
90-98% oxidation through liver, then excretion through the kidneys and lungs |
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Aspirin inhibits metabolism and leads to higher ________________ |
Blood alcohol concentrations |
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Alcohol is metabolized at a_______ rate of _____ |
constant, 1 ounce every 3 hours (1 1/2 drinks) |
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Action and level of impairment can vary depending on..... |
drinking history, behavioral tolerance, mood, etc. |
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the legal limit for truck drivers |
.04 |
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the legal limit for pilots after 24hrs from last drink is |
.02 |
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Low-to-moderate use effects on the male body..... |
generally, do not have negative health consequences for men infrequent mild intoxication episodes generally do not have lasting adverse health effect for most male drinkers |
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Low level of use is generally not safe for those who: |
- are pregnant - have pre-existing physical or mental health problems - allergies to alcohol - genetic susceptibility to addiction -risk of breast cancer |
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Effects of low-moderate dose: |
activates gastric juices stimulates appetite blood vessel dilation feeling of relaxation slows bone loss in post-menopausal women |
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Psychological Effects |
lowers inhibitions increases self-confidence promotes sociability calms and sedates |
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High Dose Episodes |
mental confusion mood swings loss of judgement slurred speech depressed breathing passing out Blackouts Hangover Alcohol Poisoning |
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Definition of Binge Drinking: |
consuming 5 or more drinks at one sitting for males, and 4 or more drinks in one sitting for females binge drinking is the most dangerous pattern of drinking to engage in |
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Heavy Drinking definition: |
having 5 or more drinks in one sitting at least 5 times a month |
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Dispositional tolerance, pharmacodynamic tolerance, behavioral tolerance, and acute tolerance, are all ways the body tries to... |
adapt to alcohol |
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The ________ adapts to create more enzymes to precess alcohol |
liver |
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Delirium Tremens symptoms |
grand mal seizures full body trembling disorientation hallucinations |
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Moderate use for males: females: |
males: 2 a day female: 1 a day |
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moderate use may reduce the risk of |
heart disease |
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Alcohol withdrawal minor symptoms: |
rapid pulse sweating increased body temp hand tremors anxiety depression insomnia nausea or vomiting |
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____-___% of those experiencing withdrawal in detox will experience more minor symptoms |
85-95% |
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Major Withdrawal symptoms: |
tachycardia: uncontrolled heart rate transient auditory, visual, tactile hallucinations and illusions Psychomotor agitation grand mal seizures delirium Tremens (DT) |
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DTs are a major withdrawal that is... |
more intense than usual withdrawal |
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safe amount while pregnant |
there is no clinically proven safe amount |
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Passout: |
not conscious |
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blackout: |
conscious but no memory |
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brownout: |
where memories get spotty while drinking alcohol |
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Fetal Alcohol Syndrome |
toxic effects of alcohol on a developing fetus |
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Classification of FAS |
Alcohol-Related Birth Defects (ARBD) Alcohol-related Neurodevelopmental disorder (ARND) FAE- fetal alcohol effects - similar to ARND and ARBD three categories refer to facial features, two categories refer to alcohol affected infants without specific facial features |
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4 Minimal criteria for diagnosis of FAS |
retarded growth facial deformities problems with heart and limbs Central nervous system involvment |
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Retarded growth: |
delayed growth, height, weight, brain circumference, can be delayed pre-birth and post-birth |
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Facial Deformities: |
looks similar to downs, can look like this without having a drinking mother |
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Heart and Limbs: |
underdeveloped, limbs can be deformed |
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Central Nervous System (CNS) involvement: |
emotional and intellectual development, as well as motor development |
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Cognitive effects associated with FAS: |
short-term memory problems storing and retrieving information difficulty making good judgments and forming relationships problems with anger management sensitivity issues |
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Critical period: |
weeks 3-8 are most crucial |
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1st-trimester alcohol interferes with... |
organization of brain cells |
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2nd-trimester alcohol interferes with... |
facial features |
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3rd-trimester alcohol interferes with... |
visual and auditory effected |
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Long-term use of alcohol on the stomach: |
damage to the stomach lining decrease in ADH production slowing of gastric emptying |
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Long-term use of alcohol on the intestines: |
alcohol damages and flattens villi problems with peristalsis |
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Long-term use of alcohol on the pancreas: |
irritates the pancreatic duct stimulates the pancreas to produce more enzymes |
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Long-term use of alcohol on the liver: |
fatty liver (reversible with cessation) alcoholic hepatitis (inflammation is reversible) cirrhosis (not reversible) |
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Long-term use of alcohol on the Cardiovascular Health: |
alcoholic cardiomyopathiy arrhythmias hypertension |
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Long-term use of alcohol on the blood and immune system: |
Anemia, excessive bleeding, decreased immune response |
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Long-term use of alcohol on the neurological system: |
damage to brain cells, permanent brain impairment, organic brain syndrome "wet brain" |
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Primary Treatment Goal: |
promote a drug-free lifestyle to promote abstinence |
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Drug-free lifestyle: |
the way a person lives their life everyday not involving or encouraging drug use |
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abstinence: |
not partaking in the drug |
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Supporting Treatment Goals |
Optimize medical functioning Enrich job or career functioning Optimize emotional and psychiatric functioning Address relevant spiritual issues |
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A good drug treatment program includes all of the following: |
Optimize medical functioning: just the basic physical functions or issues Enrich job or career functioning: make sure the employment is a good place, getting them employment, or making sure it doesn't involve or promote alcohol Optimize emotional and psychiatric functioning: help with depression, anxiety; should be helping them and assessing their environment and whether it's supportive or not Address relevant spiritual issues: who they are, their purpose, etc. Understanding this helps them get over addiction |
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How do people Start Treatment: |
- recognition of having a problem: this can be for a long time and keep doing it - Hitting bottom: having a low point, everyone's bottom is different -Denial: blaming it on something else to not blame it on the drug use - Intervention: taking steps to plan/break the addiction |
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Types of Treatment Facilities |
Medical Model Detoxification Programs Office-based medical detox and maintenance (methadone maintenance) Therapeutic communities: a transitional place, a place to live life but have some triggers and environmental cues controlled Sober-living or transitional communities |
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Inpatient treatment: |
strict, usually a 12 step treatment, patients given responsibilities Includes most oupatient options plus: - temporary residency - detox (separate facility) - intensive daily schedule |
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Intensive Outpatient: |
16-20 weeks long (4-5 months); 3-4 times a week; 1 hour each night, go home every night Can consist of: individual therapy group therapy self-help groups family ad couples therapy interventions relapse prevention expressive arts education |
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Family systems: |
The family has learned to function with the alcoholic in that specific role; so when alcoholic changes through recovery, the family can go into crisis |
