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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Describe the process of alcohol absorption.
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• Ethanol is detected in the blood after 5 min
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Explain how food impact alcohol absorption.
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• Dietary fat slows gastric emptying & alcohol absorption
• 3x more slowly |
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Explain how gender impact alcohol absorption.
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• Women have higher [blood alcohol]
• More susceptible to liver disease, heart muscle & brain damage • Due smaller quantity of body water • Lower activity of gastric alcohol dehydrogenase (greater proportion enters blood) |
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Explain how body weight impact alcohol absorption.
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• Alcohol = high caloric value (7.1kg)
• Does not always result in weight gain • Women drinker have lower body weight than non-drinkers • Lean men & women do not experience weight gain (moderate drinking) • However, there is some weight gain in already overweight people • Chronic heavy drinkers substitute alcohol for carbs = weight lost • Alcohol added to a normal diet does not = weight gain |
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Explain how medication impact alcohol absorption.
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• Hepatic damage by Tylenol-alcohol interaction occur with little as 2.6g of acetaminophen (4-5 extra strength pills)
• More likely to occur when taken after the alcohol has been metabolized • Alcohol consumption effects the metabolism of a range of medication (increasing or decreasing) |
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Describe is alcohol metabolism.
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• liver oxidize acetaldehyde → acetyl SCoA → CO2 & H2O
• Small amount NOT metabolized can be measure on breathe and in urine • Alcohol is metabolized more slowly than it is absorbed (consumption needs to be controlled) • Insufficient acetaldehyde dehydrogenase is more common in Asians • However, alcohol ingestion can induce the synthesis of alcohol & acetaldehyde dehydrogenase |
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Define Cytosolic Alcohol Dehydrogenase .
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converts ethanol → acetaldehyde
o Enzymes utilizes NAD+ & NADH |
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Define Mitochondrial Acetaldehyde Dehydrogenase
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converts acetaldehyde → acetate (which is metabolized to CO2 and H2O)
o Enzymes utilizes NAD+ & NADH |
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Define P450.
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• Alcohol is also metabolized by microsomal enzyme cytochrome P450
• Induced by chronic drinking & accelerates ethanol metabolism (tolerance) |
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Explain how alcohol oxidation perturbs hepatic metabolism.
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• Use of NAD+ by alcohol impairs other liver functions
o Metabolism of pyruvate, urates and FA o Affect the to produce glucose from aa → alcohol-induced hypoglycemia |
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Acute ethanol consumption.
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• Alcohol inhibits microsomal hydroxylase system → affects CNS
• Reversible hepatic changes (mediated by acetaldehyde) o Deposition of fat o Inhibition of FA oxidation o Acute necrosis • acetaldehyde = carcinogenic & predispose to hypertension & pancreatitis |
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Chronic ethanol consumption.
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• Increase synthesis of microsomal hydroxylase system
• Enhances susceptibility to hepatotoxic effects of anesthetic agents and chemical carcinogens • Effects are widespread, affects multiple organs (liver & stomach) • Worsened by starvation → mobilization of fat stores & ketosis |
