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12 Cards in this Set
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<common names of alcohol> CH3OH : CH3CH2OH :
OH l CH3CHCH3 : CH3CH2CH2OH : |
CH3OH : methyl alcohol CH3CH2OH : ethyl alcohol OH l CH3CHCH3 : isopropyl alcohol CH3CH2CH2OH : prophyl alcohol |
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<common names of alcohol> OHCH2CH2OH OH l CH3CHCH2OH |
OHCH2CH2OH : ethylene glycol OH l CH3CHCH2OH : propylene glycol |
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RO- (group name) |
alkoxy group (alkoxyalkane, alkoxyalkene, alkoxyarene) |
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prefix oxa- means |
an oxygen atom replaces CH2 group ㅡoㅡ |
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<nomenclature> cyclic three-membered ether four-membered ether five-membered ether |
cyclic three-membered ether : oxirane four-membered ether : oxetane five-membered ether : TetraHydroFuran |
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boiling point of ether and alcohol |
1. ether have comparable boiling point with alkanes of similar MW 2. alcohols have higher bp than ether and alkanes (due to H-bonding) |
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solubility of ethers and alcohols |
H2O soluble but alkyl (hydrophobic) portion increase, solubility decrease # of C increase, solubility increase |
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properties methanol |
wood alcohol (produced by destructive distillation of wood) highly toxic ingestion of small amount : cause blindness ingestion of large amount : cause death |
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properties of ethanol |
can be made by fermentation oh sugars alcohol of the all alcoholic baverage |
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main rule of the reaction of alcohol 1. The oxygen atom of the _____group is _____ and _____. 2. The hydrogen atom of the _____ group is _____. 3. The _____ group can be converted to a leaving group so as to allow _____ or _____. |
1. The oxygen atom of the hydroxyl group is nucleophilic and weakly basic. 2. The hydrogen atom of the hydroxylgroup is weakly acidic. 3. The hydroxyl group can be converted to a leaving group so as to allow substitution or elimination reactions. |
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<acidity of alcohol> relative acidity : relative basicity |
relative acidity : H2O > R-OH > RC=-CH > H2 > NH3 > R-N relative basicity : R- > NH- > NH2 > H- > RC=-C- > RO- > HO- |
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<Reaction of alcohols into alkylhalide> 1. reactivity of HX : 2. reactions of primary, secondary,and tertiary 3. reaction of Cl- |
1. reactivity of HX : HI > HBr > HCl 2. reactions of primary, secondary,and tertiary : methyl and primary -> Sn2 reaction mechanism : secondary and tertiary -> Sn1 mechanism 3. Cl- react with alcohol in the presence of a Lewis acid (ex. ZnCl2) |
