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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Vitruvius
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Marcus Vitruvius Pollio, Vitruvii; (born c. 80–70 BC, died after c. 15 BC) was a Roman writer, architect, and engineer. Foremost among them is the development of the hypocaust, a type of central heating where hot air developed by a fire was channeled under the floor and inside the walls of public baths and villas. Known for being the Author of “De architectura” Known as “The Ten Books of Architecture”
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Viollet-le-Duc-
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Eugène Emmanuel Viollet-le-Duc (January 27, 1814 – September 17, 1879) was a French architect and theorist, famous for his "restorations" of medieval buildings. Restored the Romanesque abbey of Vézelay, Notre Dame de Paris, and Mont St-Michel, Carcassonne, Roquetaillade castle and Pierrefonds. Must analyze the master pieces of the past the must learn to make his own synthesis serving the conditions and using the materials dictated by his age.
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Frank Lloyd Wright-
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Views on Urban concepts Broadacre City, a very low density, dispersed, automobile dependent city with the majority of houses sitting on acre lots. This view of Broadacre costs in land energy health pollution social interaction politics and money. Taliesin West Wooden Shutters, Garden Room, Glass windows Insulated translucent plastic roof lined Canvas roofing and Open spaces.
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Le Corbusier-
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Charles-Édouard Jeanneret-Gris, who chose to be known as Le Corbusier (October 6, 1887 – August 27, 1965), was a Swiss-French architect, designer, urbanist, writer and also painter, who is famous for being one of the pioneers of what now is called Modern architecture or the International Style, Picasso, Mondrian, cubism, Michael Angelo, Purist theory and painting. The influence of art in architecture. The five points Roof garden, independent structure, free plan, free façade, and pilotis. A great epoch is beginning, new spirit it is to be met with particularly industrial production. “Maison Domino” “Villa Cook” “Villa Savoye at Poissy” “Villa Stein at Garches”
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Ludwig Mies Van Der Rohe-
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German-American Architect. Along with Le Corbusier he was widely regarded as one of the pioneering masters of Architecture. “creation of forms out of the nature of our tasks with the methods of our time”
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Gerrit Rietveld
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“The Shroeder House in Utrecht- influenced by art and open space all walls are disconnected.
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Alvar Aalto-
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It is not the rationalization itself that was wrong in the first and now past period of Modern architecture. The wrongness lies in the fact that the rationalization has not gone deep enough. Instead of fighting rational mentality, the newest phase of Modern architecture tries to project rational methods from the technical fields out to human and psychological fields. “Villa Mairea”
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Paolo Soleri-
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Arcology, Avery high density passive solar, mixed use, urban concept. Architecture plus Ecology preserving Nature. Arcology concept for a compact city, while having great ethical appeal, remains for most and unrealizable utopian vision. Desert cities are great examples of compact cities. Compact Yemeni Cities tower houses courtyard mosques. Arcosanti,
Example of cities- Costal Chile, Jodpur India, Fez Morocoo, Cusco Peru. |
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Antoine Predock-
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American Architect La luz Community in Albuquerque NM. UNM Law School. Nelson Fine Arts Center ASU.
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Peter Eisenman-
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Eisenman's theories on architecture pursue the emancipation and autonomy of the discipline and his work represents a continued attempt to liberate form from all meaning, a struggle that most find difficult to accept. He continues to rework the ideas of Le Corbusier. University of Phoenix Stadium.
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Rick Joy-
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Studied here in at the University of Arizona. Working largely on private houses, typically in desert regions of the United States, Joy frequently employs rammed earth in his designs. Remmed Earth is a technique used in the building of walls using the raw materials of mud, chalk, lime and gravel.
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Will Bruder-
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he worked and studied under Paolo Soleri where he acquired field experience in woodwork, metal work, and masonry, through apprenticeship with Soleri and with Gunnar Birkerts, Burton Barr Central Library in Phoenix. About 90 Percent of his work is done here in AZ.
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Herman Herzberger-
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The influence behind the Dutch structuralism movement of the 1960s. He believed that the architect's role was not to provide a complete solution, but to provide a spatial framework to be eventually filled in by the users. Montessori School in Delft
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Mary Jane Colter-
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Historic Revival Architecture- La Posada, Winslow, Hopi House Grand Canyon
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Know the relationship between culture and architecture-
Culture- |
Culture is the set of values of a community made manifest in their behavior and their artifacts. Architects have to worry about the building and also pay attention to the behaviors of the community where we are designing.
You have to look at what goes into designing buildings or cities. In many sunny cities like Australia, Yulara, Alice Springs and Brisbane, Jodhpour, Cairo, Fez, you need the shade. While using canvas or arches to cover different parts of the city where people can enjoy and stand under. The shopping centers in the Middle East have a lot of arches also that all lead into the mosques. |
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Greek
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Evolution towards perfection More detail into their designs and more innovative. Always on the highest hills to view for the gods. Apollo at Bassae, Tholos at Delphi, Domain of the Gods.
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Islam-
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Yemen, the shaded streets. All the streets lead to the center on cities which you can find the mosque. But in those main roadways leading in you find shops and merchants. The Bazzars and Souks (Jodhpour, Cairo, Fez) also the notion of fountains and shade for the courtyards.
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Southwest Native American
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The Salt River Project Irrigation System. Hand dug 1000 miles of
Drainage canals. Jack Swelling re-dug canals for hay as food for the cavalry horses. Which was later used for irrigation in 1930’s before WWII. |
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Arizona-
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Rammed earth in Tucson, Rick Joy studio.
Movement of retail 1960’s-70’s broke downtown and died. Frank Lloyd Wright 1930’s Helped design the Biltmore Hotel. He also had his home studio Taliesin West, which was more of a camp than a home. Winter home, open fresh air, canvas for Roofing and internal Gutters- Innovative architecture, also Gammage auditorium which was a like the Bagdad opera house. Del Webb’s Sun City. |
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How is architecture more than a building?
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It has to make sense in the way of designing it and where you are designing it. It must flow with its surrounding and incorporate culture and the nature. It’s a sustainable shelter that has different domains for different savers.
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Modernism/International Style
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Accepting history as a form of architecture. “Le Corbusier’
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De Stijl
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Dutch for "The Style", also known as neoplasticism, was a Dutch artistic movement founded in 1917. In a narrower sense, the term De Stijl is used to refer to a body of work from 1917 to 1931 founded in the Netherlands. Example: The red chair with black and yellow designed by Gerrit Rietveld.
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Post Modernism
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is an aesthetic, literary, political or social philosophy, which was the basis of the attempt to describe a condition, or a state of being, or something concerned with changes to institutions and conditions (as in Giddens, 1990) as post modernity. In other words, postmodernism is the "cultural and intellectual phenomenon", especially since the 1920s' new movements in the arts, while post modernity focuses on social and political outworking and innovations globally, especially since the 1960s in the West.
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Domains/Proxemics
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Domains the area which one needs to present themselves, Started from the ideas of theater in Greek and Roman civilization. But Also street performers and home settings and the Harlequins all create a domain for the audience. Theater being the center of attention in these early civilizations was a form of domain.
The New York front yard example, the different domains the children have because of the rules. |
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APS Environmental Showcase Home
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Design architect Eddie Jones from Jones studio. Faces N&S, Evrothane foam walls, higher summer Roofs lower winter Angles. Uses natural heat by the thermal process of concrete, the sun heats it and retains heat for night. The roof was Timber which is engineered lumber and oriented strand boards. Also for the structure they used recycled Steel from the old Thunder Bird car. 70% recycled glass used for windows and glass fixtures. Entrance is from the south side that comes into open spaces to the right of the living room, kitchen and dining room. Has a rain water collection system and gray water for the irrigation of the green patches. They used Solar panels for the energy and lots of windows for day light.
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A house has to fulfill two purposes. First it is a machine for living in, that is, a machine to provide us with efficient help for speed and accuracy in our work, a diligent and helpful machine which should satisfy all our physical needs: comfort. But it should also be a place conducive to meditation, and, lastly, a beautiful place, bringing much-needed tranquility to the mind.”
“The magnificent and correct play of forms in light”- |
Le Corbusier
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“Less is more”
“We are in a period of transition that will change the world”- |
Mies Van Der Rohe
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“Architecture consists of “Commodity, firmness and delight”-
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Vitruvius
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“Architecture is the “creation of forms out of the nature of our tasks with the methods of our time”-
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Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
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“There is architecture and it is the embodiment of the immeasurable”-
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Louis Kahn
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“I thought [Viollet-le-Duc's] Raisonée was the only sensible book on architecture in the world. I later obtained copies for my sons. This book alone enabled us to keep our faith in architecture, in spite of architects.”
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Frank Lloyd Wright
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“The last great theorist in the world of architecture, and the modern architect still leans heavily on the verities which he expounded”-
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John Summerson
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“In any time architecture has 2 roles. it either reflects society, or in a sense is a precursor”
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Peter Eisenman
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Piet Mondrian
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Pioneer of de stijl (the style)
Interested in primary colors, paintings evolved to abstract, exploration of 3D. Cubic period- deep space Created neoplaticism- white ground with a grid of black vertical and horizontal lines bell house- garret wrightfeld, one of his followers |
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• Le Corbusier
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Modular, placing of the right angle
Villa Schwab, lines are parallels or right angles Villa Stein, regulating lines and golden rectangles Four compositions, 2 was the most difficult, satisfaction of spirit Carpenter center only US building he did *pioneered modern high design, for better living in crowded cities, time period -1924 five concepts-independent structure, free plan- seperation of load bearing columns, free facade-vertical plan, long horizontal sliding window, roof garden *concerned with practical uses of the house, a sense of order and beauty. *architecture is stifled by custom, exists a new spirit in architecture * villa savoye at poissy 1928 * modular man |
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Peter Eisenman
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• Edward Hall and the theory of ‘intimate behavior’, specifically distances between people in public settings.
Intimate distance- close from 0”-6” far from 6”-18”. Beds, couches, a baby, kis |
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Edward Hall and the theory of ‘intimate behavior’, specifically distances between people in public settings.
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Intimate distance- close from 0”-6” far from 6”-18”. Beds, couches, a baby, kisses
Personal distance- benches 18 post modernist didn't take into account location designed Cardinals stadium Wrote about how modernism failed- Failed to relate the landscape to the architecture ”-30”, far phase- keeping someone at arms length- 2’6”-4’-. Benches, standing room, dancing, arms length. Social distance- close from 4’-7’ and far from 7’-12’ Tables and Charis no one expects to be touched, distance that two people maintain between them, dinner table. Public distance- close from 12’-25’ and far 25’+ People adjust themselves to equal spacing * the hidden dimension *proxemics- observations of a mans use of space *i have no gun but i can spit- ET hall. |
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Viollet Le Duc
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looks at the past to move forward- Integrate the past into new modern buildings
Broke down gothic architecutre to its basic elements *last great theorist in the world of architecture frankloyd wright was a fan of his book Raisonee. *analyze pieces of the past and learned to make his own with materials of his time |
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Vitruvius (slide 5) lec 10
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Ten books of arch.
Human body had perfect form ,geometry and architecture *"commodity, firmness and delight" *system of proportions, the vitruvian man * how proportions of the body related to architecture and how le corbuiser related that to modular man. * anthropo-morphism- the representation of objects as having human traits vs. anthropo-metricism- using body dimensions to optimize product |
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Frank Lloyd Wright
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a lot of differences with Le Corbusier; (surface and color). Strived to bring in the natural surrounding environment to his architecture.
Used materials from around the site * dev. urban concepts- low density cities like broadacre * robie house * human houses should not be a machine * talliesn west- school built by surrounding rock *pioneered hollistic design *falling water- vertical elements built from stone from site, horizontal elements- smooth concrete. "truth in materials" |
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Alvar Aalto
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• The Dutch De Stijl Group
Accepts 2D, canvas, fundamentality of vertical and horizontal planes. Gerrit Rietveldts furniture and toys, emphasis and vertical and horizontal, Red blue chair colored planes, Schroeder house opening of windows makes corner disappear used natural qualities such as m |
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The Dutch De Stijl Group
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Accepts 2D, canvas, fundamentality of vertical and horizontal planes.
Gerrit Rietveldts furniture and toys, emphasis and vertical and horizontal, Red blue chair colored planes, Schroeder house opening of windows makes corner disappear upper floor can be one space or many rooms. Van Doesburg - also used planes Mies van der Rohe - use of planes, use of reflective and natural building materials, use of natural lighting *mondrian- taking the overly designed to simplicity *shroder home * the beginning of modernism |
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The ‘Arizona School’ of Architects
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Will Bruder - Phoenix Library - use of light and natural color.
Try to mimic the AZ landscape Rick Joy- architect in tuscon *arabian library in scottsdale, rusted steel, related to desert environment |
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What is Culture?
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Culture is the set of values of a community made manifest in their behavior and their artifact. Architects should strive to incorporae culture of surrounding area into the buildings.
* use of color in a modern sense, no detail in building just color. *distances *as architects we have a responsibility to pay attention to the culture and community for which we design. |
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The Golden Section
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fills in the gap
difference between golden section (specific ratio of sides of rectangles) and regulating lines (parallels and diagonals and right angles matching) *regulating lines to create order * to make a pleasing facade, also used in paintings |
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Figure Ground’ and ‘Solids vs. Voids / cavities’ – Rasmussen
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Concave solids are ground- convex spaces are figure. Experiencing Architecture- Rasmussen
Eric Wright- "the reality of the teacup is not teacup itself but what is within it." Figural Doric columns on Parthenon concavities and convexities San Carlo Church pushing on the street and street pushing back Alvar Alto at MIT folded building so all students had river view Villa Madama wraps around garden , making the garden most important Falling water building embraces nature, goes around trees. Grand Canyon is a figural void Greek Theatre carved in landscape has figural space within |
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The history of ‘city grid systems’
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natural light
* greece- collumns with flutes- wide enough to put your shoulder in, giving it a human scale. * outside collumn male, inside collumn female--bassae *islam- very geometric |
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Islamic city and garden structure
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plaza was the court yard where people would socialize; very geometric. repetitive figures with geometrical corners
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Reverberation time
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acoustic qualities
the sound bounces; louder space Speeches you want short reverberation time. Music you want long reverberation time. Use materials that either absorb noise or refelct it back into the space |
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Natural Light, Glare, and reflective surfaces
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different ways to bring natural light - windows to the edge of wall to use wall to reflect, floors light colored or reflective material, high
windows, transparent curtains or opaque windows to soften light ex: museums and cathedrals |
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Rhythm in architecture
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Columns being put longer in distance to signal entrance or to invite
Far apart columns=relaxed feel Uni. Of Virginia Columns shift in size/design, teaching different versions of classical arch, overlap rthms Parthenon, stronger corner, the path, rhythm shifts from wider to narrow to invite Brondenburg gate, 2 2 3 2 2 middle more open The Louvre had pairing columns Palazzo del te Mantua, pleasure palace, full of action looks almost like destruction, Like coming from the world to paradise, passing thru purgatory. Rustication, paliozzi medici, pavilion suise from curved rough wall to curved smooth to flat smth, rhythm going up the buildings. Falling water load bearing bits come out of ground with rough texture. Carpenter center had rhythms with music. |
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Domains
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humans like animals share the need to mark territory, within these limits we design acceptable behavior.domain in post 1850 architecture- no place specific architecture, critical regionalism-architecture that is meaningful
*1970's place specific architecture such as sea ranch *begins with the sense of our own bodies *formal domain of a baseball diamond *informal domain of a street performer * order, technology and landscape |
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Greek Colonial cities and theater
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theater/ culture; shape of theater/ how it sounds is transfered to the audience. how people are sitting. Sometimes made theaters out of the surrounding country side.
* borrows landscape for backdrop *thrust design *colleseum *different types of theaters to know- * rotating, gropius, spherical, free, mobile |
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Broad Acre City
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each resident gets one acre of land
Idea of Frank Lloyd Wright |
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Sea Ranch
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concerned with location. Incorporates all natural parts around the area.
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Cathedral’s mentioned in class
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Ronchamp - by Le Corbusier
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Chinese gardens
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Zig zag pathways to slow people down to appreciate the garden
Standing stone of limestone that is natural At their best when rain/mist Organic places of pleasure and relaxation |
