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77 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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CREST
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unknown imunogen stimulate CD4 secrete fibrosis and collagen
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patau
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non meitoic dysfucntion at maternal mieosis 1
defect at prechordal mesoderm |
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patau
edward down |
omphalocele and pyloric stenosis, poly cystic kidney
meckels and malrotation duodenal atresia and tracheo esophageal fistula |
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altruisim versus reaction formation
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No any intention for covering up for a personal desire..its mature thing to help
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CCR5
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chemokine allow the HIV to ENTER the cell..
attach to CD4 and HIV G protein thing Homogenous deletion of CCR5 32 is resistant hetorgenous deletion will develop the disease later than the others with two copies |
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urine metabolite of cocaine
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Benzoyl cogonine
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the ventriclualr beats during AF
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rate ---tachycardia (but less than the atria casue of AV refractory peroid)
rhthem----irregualr (cause the chaotic atrial waves) shape--narrow and regular (NL conduction pathways at the ventrcile) |
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contralateral superior visual field (quadrantonopia)
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lateral geniculate body
lower retina lower optic radiation lower lingual gyrus |
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optic tract fibers goes to
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lateral geniculate body
superior colliculus (reflex gaze) pretectal area (light reflex) suprachiasmatic nuclus (circadian) |
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dry Macualr degenration affect the retina
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drusen deposits
pigments Gradual |
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wet age related macular degeneration
due to angiogensis |
neovasculrization
abnormal vessels with blood or hemorrhage sub retinal gray membrane Acute |
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Rx of DRY AMD
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anti oxidants vitsamin
zinc |
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Rx for wet AMD
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VEGF inhibitors
intravitrous ranibi zumab Prgap tanib |
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advance non small lung cancer
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EDGF inhibitors
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post stroke pain
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burning half of the body pain
thalamic syndrome |
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thin tall young man whom smoke with sudden dyspnea and no breath sounds and hyper resonance chest
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rupture of sub plural blebs fut to increase negative [pressure
spontaneous pneumothorax APICAL no history of trauma, barotrauma, or inflammation |
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Disteas
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convert glycogen to glucose and maltose which are easily washed out
Whippli is Diestase restitant |
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PAS
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oxidise carbon -carbon bond
aldehyde give the magenta color so its good for polysaccharide (glycoprotein) |
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Glutamate
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non esential
primary receptor of aaaduring degredation converted to proline |
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glycine
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converted to serine
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drug asparginase
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degrade aspargine (come from aspratate and glutamate)
decresee the rapildyl progressibe tumore cells a,a |
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heart sounds
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reverberation of blood secondary to clsoed valve
they do NOT reflect the actual location of the valve |
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COX2 expressed
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1-inflammatory sites
2-renal tissue (HTN, fluid retention) 3-vascualr endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells )PGI2------CVA because PGI1 anti coagulant and vasodilator |
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Potent drug (MAC)
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slow ---
partial pressure in blood equalibirum at brain onset less satuated MORE solubality More blood gas partition coefficient and need large amount to be saturated in blood |
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length constant (space constant )
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how far can an action potential can go
more myelination more lenghth , less time less myelination (less distance) |
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what is wonters formula
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PaCO2=1.5 x HCO3+ 8+- 2
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DKA and NO resoiratoty compensation
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respiratpry acidosis due to pulmonary edema and respiratory failure
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permissive effect
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drug 1 has no effect
drug 2 has effect when both given...more effect than one alone |
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additive
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drug 1 has an effect
drug 2 has an effect when both drugs given...SAME effect as one |
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synergestic
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when both drugs are gives..INCREASE more than one
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tachyfylaxis
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decrease drug responsiveness after repeated administration
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alteration
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like P450 EFFECTS
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INtra plural dose of gentamycinin or large dose
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horrible
can give you big problem Neuromuscular problem |
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the most common type of asthma
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extrinisci or allergic
LTD4---monulokast and zafiurocast acetylocholine blocker-----ipratropium M3 |
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the MC tremor
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essential (familail)
shot of alcohol fix Propranolo |
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Retinopathy of prematurity
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RETROLELNTAL FIBROPLASIA
concentrated o2 neovasularization detached retina blindness |
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Terbutaline
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B agoisnt tocolytic
SE in babies IVH hypoglycemia hypocalcemia ileus |
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Surfactant treatment lead
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pulmonary hemorrhage
hypotension hypoxia endotracheal tube block |
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lung transplanation
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mc cause of death Infection CMV
chronic bronchitits obliterans acute rx with immunosuperssant |
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promethazione hydroxizene and diphenhydramaine
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H1
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Why thrombocytopenia happen in liver disease
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hypersplenisim
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Bilateral upper pulmonary love fibrosis
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ankylosing spondylitis
pnumoconsosis silcosis sarcoidosis hisoplasmis tb bronchopulmnay aspergilosis |
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phentermine
fenfluramine dexenphentermine appetitie supressants |
Pulmonary HTN
RT side Heat failure Corpulmonale (DEATH) |
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stable angina
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atherosclerotic plaque (fixed) with obstruction morethan 70%
NO plaque |
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unstable angina (subendocardial MI)
occurs at rest or new onset angina or angina that increasing in duration, frequency, and time |
ULCERATED atherosclerotic plaque that partially obstruct the lumen
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MI (transmural)
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Ruptured atherosclerotic plaque with COMPLETE obstruct the lumen
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hyper aldosternosism
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loss of K+
absorb of Na and HCO3 hypokalemia and metabolic alkalosis note that hyper natremia not occur because of aldosterone escape phenomena by ANP |
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addison
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hyper kalemia
metabloic acidosis (loss of Na, Cl- and HCO3) |
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diuretics
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metabolic alkalosis (retain HCO3)
loose everything else (Na, K, Cl) |
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anteriori limb of the Internal capsule
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thalamo cortical
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Genu
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cortico Bulbar
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post. limb
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corticospinal of motor and spmatic sensory
auditory visual |
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Reid index indicate the severity and duration of chronic bronchitis
NL 40% |
Thickness of submucosal mucous gland layer : the thickness of the wall between the epithelium and the Cartilage
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phosphodiestrase
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hydrolysis of cAMP
inhibition of it ---ph 3---Increase cAMP--dypiradamol and cilostazol theophylline same MOA inhibition of ph 5--- increase cGMP..sildnafil |
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alcohol withdrawal
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CNS excitation and delirium tremens
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Bclofen
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GABA b
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alprazolam
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panic disorder
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dizepam and chlodizepoxide
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alcohol withdrawal
if liver bad ---give lorazepam or oxazepam |
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status epileptics
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lorazepam prefererd
dizepam IV |
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Prodrug
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clorazepate and prazepam
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clorazepate, prazepam and dizepam
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convert to long active metabolite
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short flight, endoscopy
also both very good pre anesthetics |
trazolam
midazolam |
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end joining repair mechanism NON homology
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ionic radiation DNA breaks
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EBV and CMV
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only Viruses acquire their envelop by budding from the nuclear membrane
No virion polymerase |
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HBV
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spherical double layers (dane particle)
dsDNA RNA Dependance DNA Reverse transcriptase (polymerase) |
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thebaine (opioid alkaloids) and methadone
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syndthetic opiate
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opiopeptin
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endogenous opiates
ACTH have it MSH has it aswel enkephalin endorphin |
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Bupronorphine opiate
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partial agonist
CI in MI |
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pentazocine opiate
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agonist and antiagonist in other tissue
CI in MI ( increae preload) |
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alpha interferon
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hep b
hep c kaposi hairy cell leukemia condyloma acuminata |
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ALA dehdratase
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has zinc
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Gylcine+succinlye Co A
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need B6
ALA synthase to make ALA |
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K ras mutaion
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usually regulate cell size
mutaion make it loose its inhibioty action but still able to stimulate cell (big size CA) |
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why in fat embolism there are neurological manifestation
why ARDS why petechial l hemorrhage |
bec. increase pul. a press make pre capillary AV shunt
bec. the FA released from fat globule toxic to endothelia bec. Pls adhere to the fat globule |
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Coagulase
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fibrin coating staph are resistant to phagocytosis
Coagulase on prothrombin convert fibrinogen to fibrin |
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B- glucuronidase
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deficient in ----Sly Syndome (myucopolysacharides 5)
large neutrophile male it (along with the other peroxidase, and acid phosphatase) responsible for the pigemnted GB stone (increase the unconjugated biurubin by inhbiting the glucorpnyle enz) produced by: hepatocyet bacteria .....E. Coli liver fluke oposthorchis sinensis , ascaris |
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asthma
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gentic (increase TH2>TH1)
environmental (smoking) |
