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100 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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One disadvantage to monocoque structures is that |
The exterior metal skin is subjected to dents |
Monocoque uses the outside for strength |
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In a semi monocoque structure the exterior skin is attached to |
An internal substructure that distributes loads between the structure and EXternal skin |
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What was invented due to the failure or cabin pressurization cycles |
A rib stop doubler |
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How does a rib stop doubler work? |
It’s a serious of structural components that stop cracks from propagating |
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What provides a lifting force when it interacts with a stream of air ? |
Air foil |
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What is a symmetrical airfoil |
The same camber above and below the chord line of the air foil |
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As the angle of attack increases what happens to lift and drag |
Lift and drag increases |
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For an airfoil in flight , the point of lowest pressure occurs |
At the thickest part of the cambered surface |
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Is the air pressure higher or lower on the bottom of the wing ? |
Pressure is higher at the bottom of the wing and lower on the top of the wing |
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The greatest change in an airfoils lift is caused by |
Speed of the airflow over the airfoil |
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Where is the center of lift placed ? In front or behind the center of gravity |
Slightly behind the center of gravity |
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What is the main spanwise member of the wing structure ? |
The spar |
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In a wood truss type wing , compression struts |
Separate the front and rear spars to ABSORB compression loads in flight |
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Drag wires Vs ANTI drag wires |
Drag wires are from inboard to outboard and oppose the forces that drag against the wing and pull it BACKWARDS I |
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Anti drag wires |
Outboard to inboard and oppose forces pulling the wing forward |
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Where are gussets attached to |
Each intersection of a cap strip and a cross member |
Thin mahogany plywood plate attached to two or more members to carry the stresses from one member to the other |
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A wood or metal full cantilever wing is braced by |
It’s internal structure not external |
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When complex shapes or deep grooves must be a cut what milligram process is used |
Electrochemical milling |
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The chemical milling process produces a strong metal wing skin that is |
Strong and less prone to cracking |
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What is flutter ? |
An out of balance condition that causes flight control to oscillate in flight |
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For airplanes that travel at supersonic speed , what material is the outer skin made of |
Laminated structures , thin sheet metal bonded to a core of fiberglass |
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Mechanics must remember that when repainting a control surface such as an aileron, it is critical that the control surface be balanced so it’s center of gravity is |
FORWARD OF HINGE LINE |
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Operating speed brakes in flight |
Decreases airspeed and increases drag |
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Winglets are designed to |
Improve life decrease drag and diffuse wingtip vortices |
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Boundary layer is the |
Region of air that flows ADJACENT TO THE AIRFOIL surface |
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What are spoilers |
They reduce lift and disrupt the airflow over the portion of the wing |
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Flaperons also known as the flaps |
Lowers to increase lift |
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What is a eleven |
An aileron and elevator mixed together and aren’t commonly found on aircraft’s |
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When airfoil approaches it’s Mach number |
A shock wave forms immediately behind a point where the air is moving the fastest |
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What is a stabilator |
stabilator is a fully movable aircraft horizontal stabilizer. It serves the usual functions of longitudinal stability, |
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What is an empannage |
The assembly of the tail structures flight controls |
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What are the 5 EMPENNAGE STRUCTURES
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ConventionalCruciformT-tailV-tailTail boomAnhedral
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Some airplanes use a stabilators center of gravity for Pictish control that incorporates an |
Anti servo tab |
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What does a pressurized fuselage allow ? |
High altitude flights safely |
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Modern fuselage structures for jet aircraft are designed to have |
Multiple load paths to carry stresses imposed by pressurization cycles |
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Describe a conventional landing gear airplane |
Two wheels in the front and one in the back |
It’s vulnerable to ground loops and can be difficult to taxi |
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Where is the center of gravity located on a conventional landing gear |
Behind the point of contact of the main wheels |
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What just engine mounts withstand |
Torsional forces during engine operation , tension and compression |
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The ailerons control an aileronsaround what axis? |
Longitudinal axis/roll |
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The elevators control what axis |
lateral axis , pitch |
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The vertical axis is controlled by what |
The rudder/yaw |
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What are the two types of stability? |
Dynamic and Static stability |
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What does static stability mean? |
Static stability is if the plane is disturbed , static stability will try to return it to its original attitude |
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What does dynamic stability mean? |
Dynamic stability determines how the airplane will return to its original position |
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what are the three conditions of dynamic and static stability? |
Positive, negative and neutral stability |
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Define positive stability |
Makes flight condition better .If the airplane tries to oppose its original attitude , positive stability will try to move it back to its positive stability |
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Define negative stability |
Negative stability makes the flight condition worse |
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Neutral stability |
When aircraft is moving at a specific attitude it will not tend to return to its original position nor will it tend to move further away |
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where is the wings center of lift located |
Slightly behind the center of gravity |
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If control wheel of an airplane with neutral stability is pulled back momentarily and released, the nose of the airplane will exhibit |
No pitch oscillations but it will remain the same |
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What is dihedral? |
The degree of angle the wing is from the lateral axes.Dihedral is the upward angle between the wing and the lateral axis |
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What axes does the dihedral affect ? |
the lateral axes
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Which type of airplane benefits from wing dihedral |
Low wing aircraft |
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what is a vortex generator do |
helpprevent boundary layer separation.Theyhelp at high angles of attack and low airspeed.
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A majority of general aviation airplanes are designed to have ____ fuselage area _____ the aircrafts center of gravity |
MORE fuselage area , BEHIND the center of gravity |
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True or false? Airplanes have less roll stability then pitch stability |
True |
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What is the purpose of an elevator down spring |
-Lowers the nose -prevents stall by lowering the nose |
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When ailerons are deflected(bent) |
The aileron that moves upward travels farther then the aileron deflected downward |
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What is aileron drag? |
Aileron that is deflected downward creates lift and drag |
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is aileron drag a good thing or bad thing |
bad thing |
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How does a bell crank help aileron drag |
It makes the aileron that moved upward so that it travels a farther distance then the one moving down. |
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what are the two solutions to also help decrease aileron drag |
Frise aileron and rudder aileron interconnnect springs |
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Where is the hinge point of frise ailerons |
Behind the ailerons leading ledge |
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What is the purpose of a trim tab? |
opposes specific flight control and alters the camber of a flight control surface to hold the control in a specific position |
Think of it like cruise control |
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What are the 4 trim tabs |
Trim tabsBalance tabsAntiservo tabsGround adjustable tabs
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An anti servo tab moves in what direction as the the stabilator |
Opposite directio of the stabilator to increase pitch sensitivity |
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=http%3A%2F%2Fknowtothis.blogspot.com%2F2009%2F12%2Faircraft-antiservo-tabs.html&psig=AOvVaw2d7_-a8eDvrxxCXF-pStE3&ust=1680011363310000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAwQjRxqFwoTCIC7uZ-g_P0CFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD
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What direction do Servo tabs move in comparison of surface control |
It moves in the same direction |
Motor driven jackscrew |
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What is the most popular flap on an airplane |
Slotted flaps |
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How effective is a plain flap |
limited effectiveness |
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Split flaps |
More drag then lift |
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Fowler flaps |
A type of slotted flap that increases camber and wing area "Lift and drag" |
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What is the purpose of stall strips |
Inducesseparation to control progression of stall
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A wing fence |
-always chordwise flow -Reduces spanwise flow |
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The principal advantage of an airplane equipped with a canard surface with a conventional airplane is when the canard lifting surface |
stalls, the airplanes nose drops, and airspeed builds up and the canard regains lift |
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True or false? Majority of large transport category airplanes use hydraulic operated irreversible flight control systems |
True because power boosted systems effect shock wave |
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Tripple slotted fowler flaps, such as those used on the boeing747-400 and other large jets |
-when fully extended, deflect outward to nearly their full chord before deflecting downward a small amount-provide significant increase in lift as well as drag to permit slower approach and landing gear speeds |
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where should rigging and aligning an aircraft be done? |
inside a hanger |
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Wing dihedral can be checked using |
a dihedral board having the correct taper |
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What does the term washing the wing in mean |
increasing the angle of incidence , increases lift |
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What does the term washing a wing out mean |
decreasing the angle of incidencedecreasesthe lift. |
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When rigging the ailerons , it is important to ascertain that the ailerons |
doesnt stop at the control wheel |
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Where can procedures for rigging aircraft be found ? |
Airframe maintenance manual |
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On general aircraft , the flaps are ___ powered |
electric motor powered and uses a jackscrew to operate the flaps |
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What are the 3 types of steel cable |
Nonflexible,flexible and extra flexible |
What control cable cannot be used with pulleys when rigging flight controls? |
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Non flexible cable |
7 strands |
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flexible cable has how many wires and how many strads |
7 strands and 7 wires |
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Extra flexible cable has how many wires and how many strands |
19 strands and 7 wires |
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which compression should be first made when it comes to nico-pressing |
the one in the center |
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True or FalseA spliced cable using two nicopress sleeves has the same strength as a cable that has not been spliced |
True |
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After swaging a cable and the terminals are is installed, it should be tested to what percentage for how many minutes |
60% for three minutes |
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What is the purpose of a fairlead |
It prevents a cable from abrading or rubbing against a structure and is made from a rubber or plastic nylon |
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Where should a cable rude in a pulley |
Squarely in the center of the pulleys groove |
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When checking cable tensions useing a tensionmeter it is important to insert a ___ tool that is the correct size of for the cables diameters |
Riser |
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Turnbuckle safetying Nomore than ____threads exposed at either end of barrel Donot lubricate Safetywith ____ wraps around shank of the turnbuckle |
Nomore than 4threads exposed at either end of barrelDonot lubricateSafetywith 4 wraps around shank of the turnbuckle |
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For a majority of aviation airplanes , control cables are what size? |
1/8 inch diameter and are safetied with .040 stainless steel wire single wrapped |
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A biplane with the top wing forward of the bottom wing has |
Positive stagger |
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what does positive stagger mean? |
The top wing is staggered ahead of the bottom of the wing |
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Toomuch weight forward or aft of hinge line can induce
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flutter |
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What is a cycle defined as? |
Takeoff, pressurization of the cabin and landing gear |
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What letter maintenance checks for large jet aircraft are most |
Letter D |
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