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8 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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six criteria pollutants?
what are they? definition of them? who regulates them? how do they regulate them? |
US EPA regulates six "criteria" pollutants, which are pollutants that the EPA has deemed there is enough science to back up their hazard.
regulate with NAAQS - national ambient air quality standards ozone NO2 SO2 PM CO Pb |
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HAPs
what are they who regulates them why? |
Hazardous air pollutants
188 chemicals adverse reproductive or cancer effects EPA regulates |
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what is oxidative stress? what air pollutants can cause it? what does it do?
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PM and Ozone can create Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in the lungs --- many problems (lungs, brain, immune system) causes inflammation
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Ozone
acute health effects? NAAQS - is it safe? controversy? |
acute effects:
decreased lung function airway inflammation increased daily mortality (cardiopulmonary) NAAQS: 0.08ppm over 8 hours --- controversial because there was decreased lung function at the same level, and other studies show asthmatic effects below 0.08 ppm --- NO MARGIN OF SAFETY EPA has a review board, and they have failed to take their recommendaitons |
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Particulate Matter (PM)
acute effects |
decreased lung function
increased hospitalization increased cardiopulmonary mortality |
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Diesel Exhaust & PM
what is it, why is it bad? "six city study" |
PM from diesel exhaust have more toxicity than other PM - with carbon core PAHs
PAHs=oxidizing agents that cause oxidative stress (injuring cells, leading to inflammation) risk of heart attack is higher EPA regulates Diesel exhaust due to "six city study" |
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Chronic respiratory effects from PM
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children: permanent loss of lung function (less lung growth)
increased risk of lung cancer associated with PM2.5 in U.S. cities |
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PM NAAQS
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PM2.5 @ 35 um/m^3 ---- not "clear" that it's protecting against decreased lung function, because need more than one study
controversial, because one study showed that this is not sufficient margin of safety |
