Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
seven most important types of air pollutants
|
1. particulate matter
2. nitrogen oxides 3. sulfur oxides 4. carbon oxides 5. hydrocarbons 6. ozone 7. air toxics |
|
|
primary air pollutants
|
1. carbon oxides
2. nitrogen oxides 3. sulfur dioxide 4. particulate matter 5. hydrocarbon |
|
|
secondary air pollutant
|
1. ozone
2. sulfur trioxide |
|
|
nitrogen oxides
|
1. inhibit plant growth
2. aggravate health probs such as asthma 3. production of photochemical smog/acid deposition 4. global warming 5. depletes ozone in stratosphere 6. cause metals to corrode, textiles to fade/deteriorate |
|
|
sulfur oxides
|
1. cause acid deposition
2. corrorde metals/stone/others 3. damage plants 4. iritate respiratory tracts |
|
|
carbon oxides
|
1. monoxide: poisonous, reduces blood's ability to transport oxygen
2. dioxide: global warming |
|
|
hydrocarbons
|
methane causes global warming
variety of effects: 1. injure respiratory tract 2. cause cancer 3. no harm |
|
|
ozone (in troposphere)
|
1. most harmful component of photochemical smog
2. reduces air visibility 3. cause health problems 4. stresses plants, lower crop yields 5. chronic exposure --> forest decline 6.global warming |
|
|
automobiles produce...
|
1. nitrogen oxide
2. carbon oxide 3. particulate matter 4. hydrocarbon |
|
|
electric power plants and other industrial facilities produce...
|
1. emit most of the particulate matter and sulfur oxides released in U.S.
2. nitrogen oxide 3. hydrocarbon 4. carbon oxides |
|
|
top three industrial sources of toxic air pollutants
|
1. chemical industry
2. metals industry 3. paper industry |
|
|
biologically produced hydrocarbon (isoprene)
|
1. forms tropo ozone
2. breaks down into carbon monoxide |
|
|
principle pollutants of industrial smog
|
1. sulfur dioxide
2. particulate matter |
|
|
photochemical smog involves what during its formation
|
1. nitrogen oxides
2. hydrocarbons |
|
|
main sources of ingredients for photochemical smog
|
1. automobile
2. bakeries 3. dry cleaners |
|
|
candidates of temperature inversion
|
cities located in...
1. valleys 2. near the coast 3. leeward side of mountains |
|
|
PANs (peroxyacyl nitrate)
|
1. injure plant tissues
2. irritate eyes 3. aggravate respiratory illness |
|
|
health effects of sulfur oxide and particulate matter
|
1. irritate respiratory tract
2. ppl swith empysema and asthma sensitive |
|
|
health effects of nitrogen oxides
|
1. cause airway constriction
2. (in ppl with asthma) increased sensitivity to pollen and dust mites |
|
|
health effects of carbon monoxide
|
1. reduces blood's ability to transport oxygen
2. causes headaches, fatigue |
|
|
health effects of ozone and smog
|
1. burning eyes
2. coughing 3. chest discomfort 4. asthma attack 5. suppress immune system |
|
|
smokestacks fitted with...remove particulate matter
|
1. electrostatic precipitators
2. fabric filters 3. scrubbers 4. others |
|
|
sulfur removed from fuels before being burned by...
|
coal gasification
|
|
|
release of nitrogen oxides from cultivated fields to which nitrogen fertilizers are applied is reduced significantly when...
|
no-tillage is practiced
|
|
|
modification of furnaces and engines to provide more complete combustion helps control the production of both...
|
1. carbon monoxide
2. hydrocarbons |
|
|
use of catalyic converters to treat auto exhaust reduces what by how much?
|
1. carbon monoxide, volatile hydrocabon emissions
2. by about 85% |
|
|
one of the causes of acute respiratory infections is...
|
exposure to pollutants in biomass fuels when burned indoors
|
|
|
motor vehicles produce about what percent in urban areas of Central America?
|
60 to 70 percent
|
|
|
motor vehicles produce about what percent in urban areas of India?
|
50 to 60 precent
|
|
|
five worst cities in terms of exposing children to air pollution are
|
1.Mexico City, Mexico
2. Beijing, China 3. Shanghai, China 4. Tehran, India 5. Calcutta, India |
|
|
What percentage of deaths relating to respiratory disease occur in young children living in cities of developing countries?
|
more than 80 percen
|
