Aicp Exam 2010 - Cpc Study Manual

Front 1

Mean

Back 1

Average

Front 2

Mode

Back 2

Number that occurs most often

Front 3

Median

Back 3

Half are higher, half are lower

Front 4

FAR

Back 4

Floor Area Ratio - (Total covered area on all floors of all buildings on a certain plot)/(Area of the plot)

Front 5

Ordinance of 1785

Back 5

Provided for the rectangular land survey of the Old Northwest. “the largest single act of national planning
in our history"

Front 6

First "model tenement" built in Manhattan.

Back 6

1855

Front 7

Homestead Act opened the lands of the Public Domain to settlers for a nominal fee
and five years residence.

Back 7

1862

Front 8

First major tenement house law (N.Y.) restricting physical conditions. SFO prohibits specific obnoxious
uses in certain districts—beginning of land-use zoning in U.S.

Back 8

1867

Front 9

Dumbell tenement, NYC, notorious for the poor living conditions it imposed on its denizens (lack of light, air, space).

Back 9

1879

Front 10

Building of Pullman, Illinois, model industrial town by George Pullman.

Back 10

1880 - 1884

Front 11

Jacob Riis

Back 11

How the Other Half Lives, 1890, stimulous to housing and neighborhood reform.

Front 12

First U.S. federal government recognition of the problems of slums and cities (a
survey).

Back 12

1892

Front 13

Columbian Expo in Chicago - 400th anniv of the New World. Source of the City Beautiful Movement and
urban planning profession.

Back 13

1893

Front 14

Ebenezer Howard

Back 14

Tomorrow A Peaceful Path to Real Reform, start of
Garden City movement, 1898; 1902 as Garden Cities of Tomorrow.

Front 15

First state court support of ordinance/act restricting heights of buildings

Back 15

1899

Front 16

New York State Tenement House Law. Outlawed tenements i.e.“Dumbbell Tenement.” Lawrence Veiller.

Back 16

1901

Front 17

Letchworth constructed. First English Garden City, stimulus to New Town mvmt in America (Greenbelt Towns, etc)

Back 17

1903

Front 18

First local “civic center” plan developed for Cleveland, by Danial H. Burnham

Back 18

1903

Front 19

First application of “City Beautiful” principles to a major American city Burnham’s
Plan for San Francisco.

Back 19

1906

Front 20

First official, local, and permanent planning board (at Hartford, Connecticut).

Back 20

1907

Front 21

First National Conference on City Planning in Washington, D.C.

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1909 - conf?

Front 22

First American use of zoning to restrict future development. Los Angeles creates
multitude of zones.

Back 22

1909 - zoning?

Front 23

First State Enabling Act passes

Back 23

Wisconsin, 1909

Front 24

Plan of Chicago—first metropolitan regional plan in U.S. (Daniel Burnham).

Back 24

1909 - Daniel Burnham

Front 25

First private planning consulting firm, created in N.Y.C. by George B. Ford and
Earnest P. Goodrich (Technical Advisory Corporation).

Back 25

1913 - firm

Front 26

First state to institute mandatory referral of subdivision plats (beginning of subdivision control)

Back 26

New Jersey - 1913

Front 27

First state to make planning mandatory for local governments

Back 27

Massachusetts - 1913

Front 28

First full-time municipally employed planner at Newark,
New Jersey.

Back 28

Harland Bartholomew - 1914

Front 29

First state to institute extraterritorial mandatory referral of subdivision plats

Back 29

California - 1915

Front 30

writes Cities in Evolution creating the foundation for regional planning theory.

Back 30

Patrick Geddes - 1915

Front 31

National Park Service established with sole responsibility for conserving and preserving
resources of special value.

Back 31

1916

Front 32

Nation’s first comprehensive zoning resolution adopted by New York City Board of Estimates

Back 32

1916 - nyc

Front 33

“Father of Zoning.”

Back 33

Edward Bassett

Front 34

Planning of the Modern City.

Back 34

Nelson P. Lewis - 1916

Front 35

First federal-aid highway act.

Back 35

Federal - 1916

Front 36

First president of new American City Planning Institute, forerunner of American Institute of Planners and the AICP

Back 36

Frederick Law Olmsted, Jr. - 1917

Front 37

First parkway in America completed - Bronx River Parkway, N.Y

Back 37

Parkway - 1919

Front 38

First statewide citizens organization in support of planning - Ohio Planning
Conference.

Back 38

Ohio - 1919

Front 39

Vieux Carre Commission, the first historic preservation
commission in the U.S.

Back 39

New Orleans - 1921

Front 40

Port of New York Authority. Inauguration of Regional Plan of New York under Thomas Adams.

Back 40

First bi-state functional authority - 1921

Front 41

Los Angeles County Regional Planning Commission created.

Back 41

First of its kind in the
United States. - 1921

Front 42

“County Club Plaza” in Kansas
City, Missouri.

Back 42

First suburban auto-oriented shopping center - 1922

Front 43

U.S. Dept of Commerce under Secretary Herbert Hoover issues Standard State Zoning Enabling Act.

Back 43

1924 - Federal

Front 44

First major American city officially to endorse a comprehensive
plan. (Alfred Bettman).

Back 44

Cincinnati, Ohio - 1925

Front 45

“Concentric Zone” model of urban structure and land use is published.

Back 45

Ernest Burgess - 1925

Front 46

First comprehensive plan to be adopted by the planning board of a major
American city

Back 46

Cincinnati Ohio - 1925

Front 47

First public subsidy for housing

Back 47

State of New York - 1925

Front 48

Supreme Court upholds constitutionality of comprehensive zoning

Back 48

Village of Euclid v. Amber Realty Co. - 1926

Front 49

Standard City Planning Enabling Act.

Back 49

U.S. Department of Commerce under Secretary Herbert Hoover - 1928

Front 50

First “new town” built

Back 50

Radburn, NJ - 1928

Front 51

Neighborhood Unit

Back 51

Clarence Perry - 1929

Front 52

Results in Great Depression and fosters ideas of public planning on a national scale.

Back 52

Stock market crash in October 1929

Front 53

National Land Utilization Conference in Chicago. 300 ag
experts - rural recovery prog & natural resource conservation.

Back 53

Chicago - 1931

Front 54

FDR, New Deal, Federal Emergency Relief Administration under Harry Hopkins

Back 54

1933 - FDR

Front 55

Home Owners Loan Corporation established to save homeowners facing loss
through foreclosure.

Back 55

Federal Housing - 1933

Front 56

America’s first large-scale regional program in integrated economic, social, and
physical development planning by the federal government.

Back 56

The Tennessee Valley Authority is created - 1933. Fathered by senator George Norris of Idaho

Front 57

First U.S. National Planning Board created

Back 57

1933 (abolished as the National Resources
Planning Board in 1943).

Front 58

National Housing Act. Established FSLIC for insuring savings deposits and the
FHA for insuring individual home mortgages.

Back 58

Federal Housing - 1934

Front 59

American Society of Planning Officials (ASPO) founded

Back 59

1934 - (Alfred Bettman, is the
first president).

Front 60

Greenbelt, Maryland and Greenhills, Ohio forerunners of
present day New Towns: Columbia, Maryland and Reston,Virginia, etc.

Back 60

1935 - Resettlement Administration established under Rexford Tugwell, Roosevelt “braintruster”

Front 61

First U.S. federally built new towns in peacetime: the “greenbelt” towns.

Back 61

1935 - 1937

Front 62

First major federal legislative commitment to public housing

Back 62

US Housing Act of 1937

Front 63

The Structure and Growth of Residential Neighborhoods in American Cities.

Back 63

Homer Hoyt’s influential
“sector theory” of urban structure - 1937

Front 64

ACPI renamed American Institute of Planners (AlP).

Back 64

AIP - 1939

Front 65

Guaranteed loans for homes to veterans under favorable terms, thereby accelerating the growth of suburbs

Back 65

Serviceman’s Readjustment Act (“GI Bill”) - 1944

Front 66

Park Forest, Illinois, and Levittown, New York

Back 66

Construction began, 1947

Front 67

First American city to adopt a new comprehensive plan following World War II

Back 67

Cincinnati - 1948

Front 68

First U.S. comprehensive housing legislation. Aimed to construct about 800,000 units. Inaug urban redev program.

Back 68

Housing Act (Wagner-Ell ender- Taft Bill) - 1949

Front 69

The National Trust for Historic Preservation

Back 69

Created and chartered by Congress - 1949

Front 70

U.S. Supreme Court upholds right of Washington, D.C.
Redev Land Agency to condemn properties that are unsightly to achieve objectives of redevelopment plan

Back 70

Berman v. Parker - 1954

Front 71

Council of Government movement (COG’s)

Back 71

Detroit area, 1954

Front 72

First U.S. federal conservation and rehab program, and first federal 50/50 funding for prep of general plans (“701 “)

Back 72

U. S. House Act of 1954

Front 73

defines basic elements of a city’s “imageability”
(paths, edges, nodes, etc.)

Back 73

Image of the City, Kevin Lynch, 1960

Front 74

first state to institute statewide zoning.

Back 74

Hawaii, 1961

Front 75

a critique of planning and planners - 1961

Back 75

The Death and Life of Great American Cities, by Jane Jacobs

Front 76

First U.S. federal housing subsidy program

Back 76

Federal housing - 1961

Front 77

First zoning ordinance for a major American city to introduce “flexible” controls
(such as FAR),

Back 77

NYC, 1961

Front 78

a new town halfway between Washington and Baltimore, featuring class integration and the neighborhood principle

Back 78

Columbia, Maryland - 1963

Front 79

outlaws discrimination based on race, creed, and national origin in places of public accommodation

Back 79

Civil Rights Act - 1964

Front 80

The Urban General Plan

Back 80

T.J. Kent, 1964

Front 81

US. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)

Back 81

federal housing - 1965

Front 82

National Register of Historic Places & Advisory Council on Historic Preservation and req's State Historic Preservation Officer (SHPO).

Back 82

National Historic Preservation Act - 1966

Front 83

A centerpiece of President Lyndon Johnson’s “Great Society” program

Back 83

1966 - Demonstration Cities & Metropolitan Devl Act “model cities” program, an attack on urban blight & poverty

Front 84

Design with Nature

Back 84

Ian McHarg - 1969

Front 85

requires an “environmental impact statement” for every federal or aided major action that might harm environment

Back 85

National Environmental Policy Act - 1969

Front 86

established to administer main provisions of the Clean Air Act (1970)

Back 86

Federal Environmental Protection Agency - 1970

Front 87

First major introduction of the transfer of development rights (TDR) concept

Back 87

Chicago - 1971

Front 88

New York high court allows the use of performance criteria as a means of slowing community growth.

Back 88

Golden v. Planning Board of Ramapo - 1972

Front 89

First federal revenue sharing program.

Back 89

Federal - 1972

Front 90

First rapid transit system built for fast center-to-center service begins service

Back 90

(BART—- Bay Area Rapid Transit). San Francisco Bay Area - 1972

Front 91

proposes national land-use legislation to protect natural resources & undeveloped land

Back 91

Senator Jackson - 1972

Front 92

eliminated categorical grants, created block grants

Back 92

Housing and Community Development Act - 1974

Front 93

American Institute of Planners (AIP) and American Society of Planning Officials (ASPO) merge into (APA).

Back 93

APA - 1978

Front 94

U.S. Supreme Court upholds NYC's Landmark Preservation Law,Grand Central Terminal. Not a taking when the interior of the property lucrative use.

Back 94

Penn Central Transportation Co. v. City of New York, 438 U.S. 104 (1978)

Front 95

First state to institute statewide zoning

Back 95

Hawaii - 1978

Front 96

Anti-New Deal; reduced fed spending, privatization,
deregulation, phase-out of aids to planning/programs

Back 96

“Reagan Revolution” - 1980

Front 97

“fair share” of affordable
housing. A precedent-setting decision against racial segregation

Back 97

Mt. Laurel, New Jersey - 1983

Front 98

U.S. Supreme Court finds that even a temporary taking requires compensation.

Back 98

First English Evangelical Lutheran Church v. County of Los Angeles - 1987

Front 99

US Supreme Court: land-use restrictions, to be valid, must be tied directly to a specific public purpose, rational nexus

Back 99

Nollan v. California Coastal Commission, - 1987

Front 100

first federal transportation law to mandate planning

Back 100

Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA) - 1991

Front 101

U.S. Supreme Court limits local and state government’s ability to restrict private property without compensation

Back 101

Lucas v. South Carolina Coastal Council - 1992

Front 102

U.S. Supreme Court: a jurisdiction must show “rough proportionality” between adverse impacts and exactions

Back 102

Dolan v. Citv of Tigard - 1994

Front 103

Canyons of the Ancients (CO); Cascade-Siskiyou (OR); Hanford Reach (WA); Ironwood Forest Grand Canyon-Parashant, Agua Fria (AZ); Grand Sequoia, California Coastal (CA).

Back 103

Clinton Monuments - 2000