Ai Final

Front 1

The main reason for having a registered herd?

Back 1

for superior genetics and hybrid vigor

Front 2

For a commercial herd it would be better to focus on...

Back 2

EPD's

Front 3

Indexes can be compared between different breeds to improve genetics.....true or false?

Back 3

False

Front 4

What is yield grade?

Back 4

The amount of boneless closely trimmed retail cuts

Front 5

Higher quality traits are given ___, while lower quality traits are given ___

Back 5

Premium...Discounted

Front 6

which EPD trait would benefit a bull calf to have from his sire if he is to be a registered bull?

Back 6

Scrotal circumference

Front 7

The primary objective of cattle production is for each cow to produce one live calf each year true or false?

Back 7

True

Front 8

Which EPD trait would benefit Mr. Smith's heifers when breeding to registered angus bulls?

Back 8

Calving ease

Front 9

How is feed efficiency measured?

Back 9

Feed intake to live weight gain

Front 10

What traits are angus known for?

Back 10

milking ability, calving ease, marbling, and small size

Front 11

A method for determining the value of a cow that will be slaughtered

Back 11

Grid pricing

Front 12

indexes are expressed in lbs and %. true or false

Back 12

false

Front 13

EPD's are traits that contain accuracy % informing you how likely they are to be passed down? true or false

Back 13

True

Front 14

What genetic trait in hereford cattle that affects the skin would have concern in California?

Back 14

Ocular squamous cell carcinoma

Front 15

What is an open cow?

Back 15

non pregnant cow

Front 16

while heifer calves are more desired than bull calves within a dairy facility, what are the most common industry practices regarding these males?

Back 16

Bulls are sometimes culled from the herd and sold for incremental income to their producer, bull calves are used to breed the next generation of calves, bull calves are sold as veal

Front 17

What is the largest challenge facing cell sorting today?

Back 17

Sorting rate

Front 18

what is the biggest challenge towards selecting for heifer offspring

Back 18

Heifer surplus

Front 19

Cryopreservation damages sperm to a lesser degree than current procedures for sex cell sorting. true or false

Back 19

False

Front 20

The biggest obstacle for sexed semen is?

Back 20

Sorting speed and cost

Front 21

When comparing the use of sexed semen vs. unsexed semen, unsexed semen typically yields higher conception rates. true or false

Back 21

True

Front 22

Which is a possible cause of errors with sexed semen that would reduce conception rate?

Back 22

Unsanitary equipment, straws in direct sunlight, poor BCS, and spermicidal lube

Front 23

Cost of an individual pipette of sexed semen is based on?

Back 23

Individual bulls

Front 24

It is more costly to used sexed semen than conventional unsexed semen.

Back 24

True

Front 25

Each sperm contains either an X chromosome or a Y chromosome. Which chromosome has a greater amount of genetic material, and thus, is larger

Back 25

X chromosome

Front 26

Which sex would be more beneficial to have in a dairy production facility

Back 26

Female

Front 27

Which of the following is true about the benefits of using sexed semen?

Back 27

Rapid increase of female herd, Improve genetic value of the herd by selecting replacement heifers from a larger group of animals, Decrease calving difficulties, Producers can choose to produce females or males

Front 28

Is it more beneficial to use sexed semen on a

Back 28

young heifer

Front 29

Sexing semen for artificial insemination is not a common practice in the dairy cattle industry

Back 29

false

Front 30

In comparing between Traditional AI techniques and Sexed-semen AI techniques, which of the following is true?

Back 30

The culling rate of bulls is higher in traditional AI than sexed-semen AI

Front 31

What is the main reason we do not want to vaccinate a herd of goats for CLA and contagious ecthyma if it is not a herd problem?

Back 31

Vaccinating can infect a clean herd

Front 32

What other medical problems could an outdoor herd of goats encounter that cannot be vaccinated for?

Back 32

Parasites

Front 33

Which method guarantees a successful kidding?

Back 33

n/a

Front 34

What differences are there in kids bred through A.I. versus naturally bred kids if the same buck is used?

Back 34

there are no differences between the kids

Front 35

How often do goats come into heat during breeding season?

Back 35

Every 21 days

Front 36

Is A.I. safer than natural breeding?

Back 36

yes because it eliminates contact with the buck

Front 37

Which of the following is a sign of estrus in a goat?

Back 37

Tail Flagging
Increased vocalization
Pacing
Interest in the Buck

Front 38

Which of the following are methods of heat synchronizations in goats

Back 38

CIDR implants

Front 39

What is the average gestation period for a goat?

Back 39

144-155 days

Front 40

When selecting a buck, one wants one with horns

Back 40

with a wide distance between them

Front 41

This are of the body in goats is typically the best indicator of muscling?

Back 41

forearm

Front 42

When selecting a buck the testicles should:

Back 42

be large with little splitting

Front 43

How long is thawed buck sperm viable?

Back 43

15 mins

Front 44

What is the best temperature range at which to thaw semen?

Back 44

92-98 degrees

Front 45

What are common causes of damage to sperm in a straw.

Back 45

vibrations, thermal shock, and time

Front 46

Which hormone is responsible for ovulation

Back 46

LH

Front 47

What can a 3-5 second clitoral massage do?

Back 47

increase pregnancy rates in cows and decrease them in heifers

Front 48

heat detection:

Back 48

increase estrous behavior
decrease observation time for signs of estrus in cows
the average duration increases by 8-12 hours

Front 49

What keeps animals out of heat and extends estrous cycles?

Back 49

progestin's

Front 50

Name two primary hormones that are targeted to manipulate the synchronization of estrus in a herd?

Back 50

PGF2a and progesterone

Front 51

How do prostaglandins regulate estrous cycles?

Back 51

CL regression

Front 52

For how long and how much do you feed MGA?

Back 52

14 days
.5mg/head/day

Front 53

The hormones involved in the estrous cycle are produced in the

Back 53

hypothalamus
pituitary gland
ovaries
uterus

Front 54

A new follicular wave is initiated when

Back 54

the dominate follicle degenerates

Front 55

In the following order, choose the correct length/ time of: proestrus, estrus, metestrus, and diestrus

Back 55

3-4 days, 12-18 hours, 3-4 days, 12-15 days

Front 56

Why is synchronized artificial insemination better than breeding naturally in domestic situations?

Back 56

Animal welfare is improved because of synchronized vaccination and care schedules
Allows for a better detection of heat and thus higher conception rates
May be more economically beneficial in the long-run

Front 57

How is synchronizing estrus beneficial to the farmer?

Back 57

raises animal welfare and lowers labor cost

Front 58

How does synchronized birthing help calf welfare in-utero?

Back 58

As calves are growing at the same rate, medications can be given around the same time and any problems are more likely to be caught

Front 59

How does being born around the same time benefit calves?

Back 59

Calves will be generally the same size and the same age, which allows for a routine vaccination schedule and less bullying

Front 60

What affect does estrus synchronization have on twinning?

Back 60

It does not make a large difference in the probability
It might slightly increase the probability if hormones are used to stimulate ovulation which could cause ovulation of more than one egg at a time

Front 61

What is the most popular and definitive way to achieve heat detection in a sow?

Back 61

back or lumber/flank pressure test

Front 62

Why is it important to keep the sow separate from the boar until stimulation or breeding time?

Back 62

Constant presence of the boar will make it hard to notice signs of estrus in the sow

Front 63

What is the single most important factor affecting fertilization rate and overall success of an AI breeding program?

Back 63

Proper estrus detection and timing of insemination

Front 64

How many times should sows in early and regular estrous be bred?

Back 64

2

Front 65

the ideal temp to store liquid boar semen in....

Back 65

64 degrees

Front 66

On average, for how long is properly handled boar sperm (liquid or thawed) viable?

Back 66

7-10 days

Front 67

Name two methods for shipping frozen boar semen.

Back 67

dry shipper and nitrogen tanks

Front 68

To what three things is boar semen sensitive?

Back 68

light temp and movement

Front 69

What is most common method of pregnancy detection in swine?

Back 69

Watching for failure of sow to return to estrus

Front 70

swine breed with superior growth

Back 70

yorkshire

Front 71

what does EPD stand for

Back 71

expected progeny difference

Front 72

what is not true about epd's?

Back 72

used only for males

Front 73

what is not a part of the prevention protocol in swine for disease control?

Back 73

signs of heat

Front 74

Which is NOT a method in identifying carriers of TH and PHA?

Back 74

Send a blood sample (2cc in EDTA purple top tube) to the laboratory
Send a thawed semen sample in a straw to the laboratory
Take 20-30 hair roots per sample and send it to the laboratory

Front 75

Affected parents of both TH and PHA always show __________ symptoms and signs.

Back 75

no

Front 76

The procedure for TH and PHA testing is done through _______ _______.

Back 76

DNA genotyping

Front 77

Which of the following alleles signifies an affected (infected) individual?

Back 77

rr

Front 78

How many generations does it take to have a completely unaffected (TH and PHA free) herd?

Back 78

3

Front 79

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of a PHA affected calf?

Back 79

short or absent tibias

Front 80

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of a TH affected calf?

Back 80

overdeveloped lungs

Front 81

Which of the following is not a suspect animal for TH and PHA?

Back 81

Holstein

Front 82

In the _______ state, TH is always fatal.

Back 82

homozygous recessive

Front 83

You have a sire that is a carrier for PHA and a dam that is also a carrier for PHA. What are the probabilities of breeding a carrier calf, breeding an unaffected calf, and breeding a lethal calf? (Hint: create a Punnett Square).

Back 83

50%
25%
25%

Front 84

Any animal traced back to the shorthorn bull imported to the United States in the ___________ can be a potential carrier of TH.

Back 84

1970

Front 85

Which of the following is NOT a sign or symptoms of TH?

Back 85

failure of mandibular fusion

Front 86

_________ cost testing are used on the entire herd and is used only for the management of the herd.

Back 86

high

Front 87

TH and PHA are carried on what gene?

Back 87

Recessive

Front 88

Which of the following diseases is not a common genetic disorder of beef cattle?

Back 88

“Hypotrichosis” in Hereford
“Osteoperosis” in Angus and Red Angus
“Mannosidosis” in Red Angus
“Arthrogryposis Multiplex” in Angus

Front 89

What is the acceptable scrotal width?

Back 89

greater than 80mm wide

Front 90

What changes should you see in the stallion’s sperm in the second sample taken during the Breeding Soundness Exam?

Back 90

the volume should have remained the same
there should be 60% as many cells but with the same motility
the pH should rise slightly

Front 91

What is evaluated when utilizing progeny to select a stallion?

Back 91

the offspring of the stallion is evaluated including their performance records

Front 92

this is true...

Back 92

Frozen sperm is harvested from the stallion, processed and progressively frozen in straws to avoid cold shock prior to storage in a -196°C liquid nitrogen tank.

Front 93

What is examined during the internal assessment portion of the Breeding Soundness Exam of the mare?

Back 93

The vagina should be checked for urine to ensure there are no urinary voiding abnormalities.
The ovaries, uterus and cervix are evaluated for size and character with any physiological changes noted to indicate phase of the estrous cycle.
The endometrial layer of the uterus is closely examined for inflammation or fibrosis.

Front 94

Why is a detailed history of the mare’s estrous cycle so important to A.I.?

Back 94

A detailed history including length and character allows for better understanding of the mare’s cycle
It increases the likelihood of being able to detect heat and predict ovulation

Front 95

Storage containers typically use _____ while shipping containers usually use ______.

Back 95

liquid nitrogen; vapor

Front 96

A foal resulting from use of cooled or frozen semen must have its pedigree verified by genetic testing of

Back 96

foal, sire, and dam

Front 97

Generally, 0.5 mL straws of frozen semen are thawed in 37°C water bath for

Back 97

< 30sec

Front 98

A facility that exports frozen semen must be approved by

Back 98

USDA

Front 99

Who is involved in filling out the collection/insemination certificate?

Back 99

stallion and mare owner

Front 100

What is the length of estrus in a mare?

Back 100

3-7 days

Front 101

At what point after conception can an embryo be detected by palpation, in a mare?

Back 101

from 18 days (+) through 60-70 days

Front 102

Name three behavioral examples of diestrus in mares?

Back 102

pinned ears, biting, and kicking

Front 103

Conception rates are highest, in mares, when insemination takes place within the ______ hours before ovulation.

Back 103

36 hours