Ahsge Ss Flash Card Review- Movements

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holy wars waged by Christians on Muslims in the Middle East to regain the Holy Lands the Muslims had captured during the Middle Ages.

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The Crusades

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a rebirth in learning in the arts and sciences and studies in classical Greece and Rome

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The Renaissance

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The Renaissance began here in the 14th century

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Italy

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a movement to reform the Catholic Church. Some of its abuses were selling church offices to the highest bidder and selling indulgences (pardons for sins.)

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Protestant Reformation or Reformation

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German monk who nailed the 95 theses to the door of the Wittenberg Church to start the Protestant Reformation

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Martin Luther

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involved the exchange of African slaves to the West Indies for molasses to New England for rum.

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Triangular Trade

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was referred to as the slave journey across the Atlantic from the West Coast of Africa to the New World. Packed conditions on the ship were horrible.

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Middle Passage

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this period emphasized learning and reason. Also called the Age of Reason.

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Enlightenment

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Natural Law is associated with him. One of Thomas Jefferson's principles included in the Declaration of Independence.

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John Locke

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In The Social Contract, he said that the right to rule comes from the people and if the government is not fulfilling its "contract" with the people, the people can change the government.

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Jean Jacques Rousseau

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French philosopher associated with the 3 branches of government/separation of powers.

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Baron de Montesquieu

(3 turned sideways is M)

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was a religious revival in the colonies. Had REVOLUTIONARY consequences. (Jonathan Edwards’ famous sermon “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God.”)

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The Great Awakening

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Removal of Cherokee west to Oklahoma

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Trail of Tears

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Gold Rush here caused many people- “49ers”- to move west.

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Sutter's Mill (Sutter's Fort), California

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persecuted because of religious beliefs- mainly because of polygamy (more than one wife).

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Mormons

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He was the founder of the Mormon religion.

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Joseph Smith

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He led the Mormons to religious freedom in Utah (following the Mormon Trail) after the death of Joseph Smith

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Brigham Young

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Elizabeth Cady Stanton organized this- the first women’s rights convention in New York in 1848. Women wanted the right to vote.

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Seneca Falls Convention

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was a movement to rid society of the evils of slavery.

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Abolitionist Movement (they wanted to ABOLISH slavery. Abolish means to get rid of or do away with.)

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Known as the Black Moses, led the Underground Railroad which was a secret network of safe houses and hiding places to help slaves escape to the north to Canada prior to the Civil War.

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Harriet Tubman

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Led the movement to help the ones in prisons and mental institutions

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Dorothea Dix

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a movement stop alcohol consumption/led to Prohibition/18th Amendment

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Temperance Movement (groups like the WCTU- Women's Christian Temperance Union)

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worked to establish free and public education for all American citizens.

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Horace Mann

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was founded in 1892,very strong in Alabama. Its main support came from farmers (“the people”) but disappeared by 1897 as many of their objectives were adopted by the Progressive Party. Also called the Reform Party- wanted Silver Standard, federal ownership of RR’s, secret ballot, direct election of Senators.

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Populist Party

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Reformer, ran for President, wanted coinage of silver, “Mankind shall not be crucified upon a cross of gold”

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William Jennings Bryan

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led to the development of the West in the 1800s- best transportation to reach the west.

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Railroad- first RR to cross the country was the Transcontinental RR.

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AFL, IWW, Knights of Labor

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All labor unions who fought for better and safer working conditions for workers and better pay for workers

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Social and political movement to make society better. From 1890- 1920. Wanted to correct problems associated with industrialization and urbanization.

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PROGRESSive Movement

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W.E.B. DuBois was a co- founder ( in 1909), of this, the nation's oldest civil rights organization, grew from the Niagara Movement (full rights for and end of discrimination against African-Americans)

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N.A.A.C.P.- National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

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The “_____________________” was fear of Communism/Bolshevism in the 1920’s.

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Red Scare

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The fear created by the Red Scare led to the execution of them- mainly because they were foreigners/people who opposed all forms of government. (Anarchists)

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Sacco and Vanzetti

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is opposition to immigrants. It means to favor native born citizens

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Nativism

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was a movement in the 1920’s and 30’s to completely rid the nation of alcohol. Led to organized crime, gangsterism, racketeering

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Prohibition

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began in the 1920s in New York– was the rebirth of pride in African American culture, literature, and music. Leading people were Langston Hughes, Eubie Banks, Zora Neale Hurston, Duke Ellington, Bessie Smith, Countee Cullen and Louis Armstrong

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Harlem Renaissance

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was the mixing of western hemisphere and European cultures (foods, animals, words, diseases like smallpox, etc.) as a result of Spain’s “discovery” of the New World.

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Columbian Exchange

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People were moving to the suburbs in the 1920s because of the availability of the ____

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automobile