Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
120 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Who has more types of disabilities? Visible or Invisible
|
Invisible
|
|
|
In the US, how much percent have some level of disability
|
20%
|
|
|
In the US, how much percent have a severe disability
|
10%
|
|
|
define disability
|
the impairment
|
|
|
define handicap
|
the attitudinal and social barrier
|
|
|
Handicap is not related to disability
|
true
|
|
|
what is the oldest model of disability
|
moral model
|
|
|
describe the moral model
|
oldest
disability as a defect, punishment, test of faith caused by sins/test/preparation for lifeafter |
|
|
describe the medical model
|
disability as a defect,
-find a cure -individual problem -FIX it |
|
|
describe the minority model
|
-newest
-based on civil rights and social justice -disability is NORMAL -accessibility is critical |
|
|
Our attitudes are fixed as pity. T/F
|
true
|
|
|
simulations do accurately portray what it is like to have a disability
|
false
|
|
|
societal change comes from
|
-advocacy
-education -universal design |
|
|
what was eugenics?
|
-better heredity
-create a better race -new breeding |
|
|
why did eugenics happen?
|
trying to find a perfect race
-started in mid 1930s |
|
|
what is positive eugenics
|
encourage the ablest and healthiest to have more children
|
|
|
what is negative eugenics
|
sterilize the least able to preserve humanity's fitness
|
|
|
what is the percentage of admiration
|
92%
|
|
|
what is the percentage of pity
|
72%
|
|
|
what is the percentage of akward/embarrassed
|
58%
|
|
|
what is the current response to fetal "defects"
|
35 or older
anyone who is pregnant should be tested for fetal defects |
|
|
when was the eugenic movement
|
1800-mid 1930s
|
|
|
whats the history and purpose of institutionalization?
|
-every state passed laws that singled our people with mental of physical disabilities
-purpose was to segregate, not benefit -for being a "menace to society" -so society may be relieved from moral and economic losses |
|
|
Institutions are seen as
|
"compassionate places" where neither treatment nor activity were prescribed
|
|
|
do forced institutionalization of children still occur
|
Yes, 500 juvenile detention administrators in 49 states
|
|
|
Describe juvenile detention facilities
|
2/3 of juvenile detention facilities hold youth who are waiting for community mental health treatment
|
|
|
childhood disorders are learned behavior disorders which can be corrected through behavior modification techniques (T/F)
|
True
|
|
|
what was the Olmstead decision 1999?
|
requires states to provide community-based services rather than institutional placements for individuals with disabilities
|
|
|
Can landlords refuse requests for reasonable accommodations
|
By law, landlords can't refuse requests for reasonable accommodations
|
|
|
what were some changes following the civil war which lead to eugenics
|
-rapid growth of industry
-increased mechanization of agriculture -major migration away from farms -cities expanded faster than adequate housing |
|
|
Who found eugenics
|
sir francis galton
|
|
|
where was positive eugenics promoted
|
-movies
-church sermons -state fair exhibits -fitter family contest |
|
|
describe the promotion of eugenics through education
|
-after 1914, courses on eugenics were offered at Harvard, Columbia, Cornell, and Brown
-by 1928, eugeneics was a topic in 376 separate college courses -a majority of high school text books between 1914-1948 presented eugenics as legitimate science |
|
|
When was the Eugenics Record office (ERO) found
|
1910
|
|
|
What was the first state to model eugenically sterilization law
|
Virginia in 1924
|
|
|
how did the U.S. supreme court vote for forced sterilizations
|
8 to 1 in support of the state
|
|
|
At what time period did forced sterilizations increase
|
1930s
|
|
|
When was the end of eugenics
|
Carnegie institute pulled funding(1939)
|
|
|
what states gave formal apologies for eugenics
|
virginia
oregon north carolina south carolina California |
|
|
people with disabilities experience the highest level of discrimination against any other group (T/F)
|
True
|
|
|
How did the disability rights movement develop
|
-vietnam war
-consumerism -self-help -de-institutionalization |
|
|
what are two major disability rights laws
|
-section 504 of the rehabilitation act of 1973
-American s with Disabilities Act (1990) |
|
|
describe section 504
|
offered protection against discrimination based on disability
applied only to employers and organizations who receive federal financial assistance |
|
|
What was 504's impact
|
-access to government
-access to buildings and facilities -access to the classroom |
|
|
What is the ADA based on
|
section 504
|
|
|
what does the ADA prohibit
|
the ADA prohibits discrimination on the basis of disability in employment, state and local government, public accommodations, commercial facilities, transportation, and telecommunications
|
|
|
describe the employment section of the ADA
|
it applies to employers with 15 or more employers
|
|
|
What is title 1
|
employment
|
|
|
what is title 4 of ADA
|
telecommunication services
|
|
|
what is title 3 of ADA
|
public accomadations
|
|
|
what is title 2 of ADA
|
public services
|
|
|
When people stutter and get stuck on a word, is it polite to help them by completing the word
|
no
|
|
|
what is the "whole man" theory
|
-medical model
-"malformed and maladjusted" "an un-rehabilitated person could weaken and erode society's healthy |
|
|
define universal design
|
the design of products and environments to be usable by all people, to the greatest extent possible, without the need for adaption or specialized design
|
|
|
what is universal design's goal
|
reduce the physical and attitudinal barriers between people with and without disabilites
|
|
|
what are influences on universal design
|
-aging population
-baby boomers |
|
|
what are the 7 principles of universal design
|
1. equitable use
2. flexibility in use 3. simple and intuitive 4. perceptible information 5. tolerance for error 6. low physical effort 7. size and space approach and use |
|
|
describe some different types of universal designs in the community
|
-automatic doors
-curb cuts -elevators -closed captioning -health club tvs |
|
|
what does universal design also apply to
|
learning
attitudes technology |
|
|
define mental health
|
a state of successful performance of mental function, resulting in productive activities, fulfilling relationships with other people, and the ability to adapt to change and to cope with adversity
|
|
|
how common is mental health?
|
-more common than cancer, diabetes, or heart disease
-every year more than 5 million americans experience mental illness -1 in every 5 families is affected in their lifetime by a severe mental illness, bipolar, depression, schizophrenia |
|
|
define stigma
|
branding and shame
|
|
|
describe stigma
|
-discourages people from getting help
-keeps people from getting good jobs -leads to fear and mistrust -results in prejudice and discrimination -results in adequate insurance coverage |
|
|
How can you reduce stigma
|
-advocacy
-public education -contact with persons with mental illness through schools and other places |
|
|
How does the public view mental illness
|
1950 survey=great social stigma, linked with fear or unpredictable and violent behaviors
1996 survey=greater knowledge regarding mental illness -no decrease in stigma -continued belief that individuals with M.I. are dangerous and violent |
|
|
Are people with mental illness more violent
|
-overall likelihood of violence is low
-the greatest risk of violence is from those who have dual diagnoses -very little risk of violence or harm to a stranger form casual contact with an individual who has a mental disorder |
|
|
Is it possible to predict violence violence on an individual basis
|
-best predictor is a past history of violence
|
|
|
how does mental illness change over time?
|
-many people improve
-treatment success rate for schizophrenia is 60%, 65% depression, 80% bipolar |
|
|
what are common types of mental illness in college students
|
mood disorders
anxiety disorder |
|
|
How should you talk to someone who has an intellectual disability
|
-do not use baby talk
-treat the person like anyone else -use simple words -ask short questions -ask one question at a time -be patient -don't get frustrated |
|
|
what is the public's view on learning disabilities
|
-85% associated LD with mental retardation
-66% associated LD with deafness -60% associated LD with blindness |
|
|
Define learning disabilities
|
difficulty acquiring and using one or more of the following skills
-listening -speaking -reading -writing -reasoning -math |
|
|
One with a learning disability has at least, average intelligence, (t/f)
|
true
|
|
|
how common are learning disabilities
|
largest segment of disability population
1 out of 5 people |
|
|
describe the effect of race on intelligence
|
no racially based difference in intelligence
|
|
|
what are examples of accommodations of learning disabilities
|
Reading
-allow extra time -use verbal instructions Writing -allow dictation -prof-reed Listening -provide quite surroundings -speak clearly, simply |
|
|
Define intellectual disability
|
it is a developmental disability
-begins at birth or anytime before age 18 |
|
|
How to determine if one has an intellectual disability
|
IQ below 70
limitations in activities of daily living |
|
|
why is intellectual disability more common in children from minority groups, (black, hispanic, native american)
|
differences are primarily accounted for by income
|
|
|
What states have the highest and lowest rate of intellectual disability
|
highest rate-West Virgina
lowest rate-Alaska |
|
|
correlation does not prove causation (T/F)
|
True
|
|
|
Americans with disabilities are
|
-more than twice as likely to postpone health care because they can't afford it
-four times more likely to have special needs not covered by their health insurance |
|
|
What is medicaid?
|
many benefits and challenges (quality of service) for disables
|
|
|
why is medicaid so important
|
-primarily recipients: elderly and disabled
-pays for a wide range of health-related cost -promotes the ability to live in the community and succeed in employment |
|
|
what are challenges to medicaid
|
bureaucratic difficulties
delay between application and benefits many doctors don't accept medicaid funding differences-children v. adults |
|
|
how can universal design increase access to healthcare
|
-communication
-technology -access -attitudes |
|
|
What are the main accessibility issues
|
transportation
physical access communication access -interpreters -literacy considerations for written materials |
|
|
individuals with disabilities face many additional barriers such as
|
-privacy
-opportunity -medications -societal attitudes |
|
|
attitudes are almost universally negative and include
|
-asexual
-unattractive -unable to function |
|
|
describe sex education
|
-difficult topic for many parents
-sexual orientation is something that a person has, rather than something a person chooses -strong, emotional messages against homosexuality or bisexuality will not change one's orientation |
|
|
how to make sex education accessible
|
-social skills instruction
-role-playing -information presented in alternate formats |
|
|
how often does sexual abuse occur
|
20% females
5-10% males |
|
|
what are some risk factors for abuse among people with disabilities
|
-dependency on others for care
-lower risk of perpetrator discovery -education lacking in sexuality -social isolation |
|
|
what strategies can you use to help communicate with someone who is deaf or hard of hearing
|
-ask, don't assume
-don't stand in front of a window or other light source -use normal voice -signing and/or use of interpreter |
|
|
prior to 1970, only 1 in 5 students with disabilities was educated
|
true
|
|
|
how many students were excluded from public schools
|
more than 1 million
|
|
|
How much % of students have disabilities
|
about 13% of students have disabilities
more than 2/3 of students have mental impairments or emotional conditions |
|
|
what was the first law promising access to education
|
Education for all Handicapped Children Act of 1975
|
|
|
define Free and Appropriate Public Education (FAPE)
|
every child has the right to an individualized educational program designed to meet the child's unique needs and from which the child will receive educational benefits
|
|
|
describe Least Restrictive Environment (LRE)
|
-the general education circulum is the starting point for planning an IEP
-override goal is to educate the child, with their peers without disabilities in an inclusive environment |
|
|
Define the Individualized Education Program IEP
|
a written plan that identifies goals the child is expected to achieve over the course of the school year
-created by team of professionals and childs parents |
|
|
How successful are students who have disabilities
|
it depends
-which students -by what measure |
|
|
what are some challenges to providing appropriate education services
|
-enforcement
-funding -teacher preparation -strategies for discipline |
|
|
The National Council on Disabilities estimates up to __% of college students have disabilities
|
17
|
|
|
what are some accommodations in colleges
|
-no FAPE
-no IEP -no significant parental involvement -no publicly-provided assessments -no :modifications: to curriculum substantially |
|
|
Colleges may not discriminate against students with disabilities in admissions of programs, (T/F)
|
True
|
|
|
What are barriers to education
|
-attitudes
-accessible technology -funding and oversight -physical accessibility -funding -accessibility oversight -physical accessibility |
|
|
what are attachment dreams?
|
what the parents dream about their children, future careers
|
|
|
what are some common mistaken views about grieving
|
-talking to others but they go blank when find out they have a disability |
|
|
what are things parents need (and don't need) to hear
|
tomorrow is a better day.
just calm down, -talking to others but they go blank when find |
|
|
what are the causes of autism
|
unknown causes
|
|
|
which has a higher incidence of autism, males or females
|
males
|
|
|
what are observations on behavior for people with autism
|
problems with
-social interactions -communication -restricted range of interests |
|
|
how can one diagnose autism
|
based on observations and behaviors
|
|
|
how does war cause disability
|
indirect causes of disability
-disruption -trade sanctions direct causes of disability -combat injury -long term causes |
|
|
What is the disablement to death ratio in war
|
6 people get injured to 1 who died
|
|
|
how has the death ratio changed over time in war
|
increased
-more get injured to death because of upgraded armor |
|
|
what are 2 of the most common injuries of disability in war
|
PTSD and TBI
|
|
|
What is the stigma in disability and war
|
stigma is a barrier to receiving mental health services
|
|
|
what are some disability etiquette rules
|
-be polite
-ask for help -get to know person before asking about disabilty -talk to the person, not interpreter -don't pretend to understand -don't touch people's canes, chairs, dogs |
