Ahmad 2

Front 1

Synaptic plasticity changes

Back 1

the strength of synaptic transmission

Front 2

Short-term synaptic plasticity (STSP) lasts on the order of

Back 2

seconds to minutes

Front 3

Long-term synaptic plasticity lasts on the order of

Back 3

hours to years.

Front 4

Most forms of short-term synaptic plasticity (STSP) are expressed

Back 4

presynaptically.

Front 5

Most forms of long-term synaptic plasticity are expressed

Back 5

generally postsynaptically.

Front 6

A2/A1 is

Back 6

paired pulse ratio.

Front 7

For (A2/A1), greater than 1 means

Back 7

the second pulse is bigger than the first

Front 8

For (A2/A1), less than 1 means

Back 8

the second pulse is smaller than the first.

Front 9

Paired-pulse facilitation (PPF) occurs when

Back 9

the second excitatory post-synaptic current (EPSC) is bigger than the first

Front 10

In Paired-pulse facilitation (PPF), the (A2/A1) is

Back 10

greater than 1 for the second pulse.

Front 11

In Paired-pulse facilitation (PPF), the closer the AP are to each other

Back 11

the higher the A2/A1 ratio.

Front 12

In Paired-pulse facilitation (PPF), the second AP releases _____ NT.

Back 12

more

Front 13

Paired-pulse facilitation (PPF) is most likely caused by

Back 13

residual calcium.

Front 14

Paired-pulse depression (PPD) occurs when

Back 14

the second excitatory post-synaptic current (EPSC) is smaller than the first.

Front 15

In Paired-pulse depression (PPD), the (A2/A1) is

Back 15

less than 1 for the second pulse.

Front 16

In Paired-pulse depression (PPD), the closer the AP are to each other

Back 16

the lowerr the A2/A1 ratio.

Front 17

In Paired-pulse depression (PPD), the second AP releases _____ NT.

Back 17

less

Front 18

Paired-pulse depression (PPD) is caused by

Back 18

buildup of calcium but depletion of NT

Front 19

A tetanus is

Back 19

repeated stimulation

Front 20

In Post-tetanic potentiation (PTP), the synapse is

Back 20

potentiated.

Front 21

Post-tetanic potentiation is just like

Back 21

a longer term paired-pulse facilitation.

Front 22

In PTP, the A2/A1 is

Back 22

higher for the second.

Front 23

Three properties of LTP are

Back 23

cooperativity, associativity, synapse specificity

Front 24

For LTP, cooperativity is

Back 24

when more than 1 fiber in synapses gets activated

Front 25

For LTP, associativity is

Back 25

when weak stimulation in one synapse is combined with strong stimulation at a nearby synapse.

Front 26

For LTP, synapse specific is

Back 26

when LTP occurs with strong active input in only one synapse.

Front 27

The three stages of LTP are

Back 27

induction, expression, maintenance.

Front 28

______ starts the process of LTP.

Back 28

calcium

Front 29

The classical pathway of LTP induction is

Back 29

Calcium Calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII).

Front 30

When CaMKII is activated, it

Back 30

autophosphorylates to activate itself and allow phosphorylation of substrates.

Front 31

The primary mechanism underlying expression of LTP is

Back 31

increase in the number of AMPA receptors (AMPAR).

Front 32

The Receptor insertion mechanism of LTP is when

Back 32

AMPAR present in endosomes then fuse to post-synaptic membrane in response to LTP to increase number.

Front 33

The receptor-centric capture mechanism of LTP is when

Back 33

receptors come from perisynaptic membranes (side of synapse) by diffusing in.

Front 34

The PSD-centric capture mechanism of LTP is when

Back 34

something happens to scaffolding proteins in membrane to allow them to better capture AMPAR.

Front 35

A silent synapse is one that

Back 35

has NMDAR but not AMPAR.

Front 36

AMPAR regulate

Back 36

base line synaptic transmission.

Front 37

______ can convert silent synapses into non-silent synapses

Back 37

LTP.

Front 38

Maintenance of LTP occurs through

Back 38

structural remodeling and protein synthesis

Front 39

Structural remodeling for maintenance of LTP includes

Back 39

Synapses grows or more synapses, dendritic spine grows, presynaptic terminal increases in size, more NT released.

Front 40

A mechanism of protein synthesis for maintenance of LTP is

Back 40

synaptic tagging, where the synapse can capture more proteins coming in.

Front 41

Protein synthesis _______ for maintenance of LTP.

Back 41

increases.

Front 42

The three stages of long-term depression (LTD) are

Back 42

induction, expression and maintenance.

Front 43

________ determines whether LTP or LTD is induced

Back 43

level of calcium.

Front 44

_______ calcium levels gives LTP.

Back 44

Higher

Front 45

________ calcium levels gives LTD.

Back 45

lower

Front 46

The primary mechanism underlying expression of LTD is

Back 46

decrease in the number of AMPAR.

Front 47

A decrease in the number of AMPAR in LTD expression is caused by

Back 47

endocytosis of AMPAR, diffusal of AMPAR away from synapse.

Front 48

The time course of LTD is determined by

Back 48

AMPAR recycling in endosomes after endocytosis.

Front 49

Another form of LTP is

Back 49

presynaptic

Front 50

Other forms of LTD are

Back 50

mGluR-dependent LTD and eCB-LTD

Front 51

In mGluR-dependent LTD, the mechanism is

Back 51

metabotropic glutamate receptor activated and causes endocytosis of AMPAR

Front 52

In eCB-LTD, the mechanism is

Back 52

presynaptic (decreased NT release) caused by post-synaptic signaling.