Ahe 106 A&p Svc Winter 2011 Mullinex Ch 1

Front 1

append-

Back 1

(To hang something) ~append~icular: pertaining to the limbs.

Front 2

Cardi-

Back 2

(Heart) peri~cardi~um: membrane that surrounds the heart.

Front 3

Cran-

Back 3

(Helmet) ~cran~ial: pertaining to the portion of the skull that surrounds the brain.

Front 4

Dors-

Back 4

(Back) ~dor~sal: Position toward the back.

Front 5

Homeo-

Back 5

(Same) ~homeo~stasis: maintenance of a stable internal environment.

Front 6

-logy

Back 6

(study of) physio~logy~: study of body functions.

Front 7

Meta-

Back 7

(change) ~meta~bolism: chemical changes that occur within the body.

Front 8

Pariet-

Back 8

(wall) ~pariet~al membrane: membrane that lines the wall of a cavity.

Front 9

Pelv-

Back 9

(basin) ~pelv~ic cavity: basin-shaped cavity enclosed by the pelvic bones.

Front 10

Peri-

Back 10

(around) ~peri~cardial membrane: membrane that surrounds the heart.

Front 11

Pleur-

Back 11

(rib) ~pleur~al membrane: membrane that encloses the lungs and lines the thoracic cavity.

Front 12

-stasis

Back 12

(standing still) homeo~stasis~: maintenance of a stable internal environment.

Front 13

-tomy

Back 13

(cutting) ana~tomy~: study of structure, which often involves cutting or removing body parts.

Front 14

Anatomy covers the _______ of the body.

Back 14

structure

Front 15

Physiology covers the _______ of the body.

Back 15

function.

Front 16

Atoms

Back 16

Smallest particles of an element that have the properties of that element.

Front 17

Molecules

Back 17

A particle composed of two or more joined atoms.

Front 18

Macromolecules

Back 18

Large molecules, such as protiens or nucliec acids.

Front 19

Cell

Back 19

The structural and functional unit of life.

Front 20

Organelles

Back 20

A structure in a cell that has a specialized function

Front 21

Tissue

Back 21

Groups of similar cells that perform a specialized function.

Front 22

Organs

Back 22

A structure consisting of a group of tissues with a specialized function.

Front 23

Organ Systems

Back 23

A group of organs coordinated to carry on a specialized function.

Front 24

Organism

Back 24

An individual living thing.

Front 25

Levels of Organization are?

Back 25

Atom
Molecule
Macromolecule
Organelle
Cell
Tissue
Organ
Organ system
Organism

Front 26

Metabolism

Back 26

The sum total of all the chemical reactions in the body that break substances down and build them up.

Front 27

List the Characteristics of Life

Back 27

Movement, Responsiveness, Growth, Reproduction, Respiration, Digestion, Absorption, Circulation, Assimilation, and Excretion

Front 28

What is meant by movement?

Back 28

Change in postion of the body or of a body part; motion of an internal organ.

Front 29

What is meant by responsiveness?

Back 29

Reaction to a change inside or outside the body.

Front 30

What is meant by growth?

Back 30

Increase in body size without change of shape.

Front 31

What is meant by reproduction?

Back 31

Production of new organisms and new cells.

Front 32

What is meant by respiration?

Back 32

Obtaining oxygen, removing carbon diozide, and releasing energy from foods. (some forms of life do not use oxygen in respiration.)

Front 33

What is meant by digestion?

Back 33

Breakown of food substances into simpler forms that can be absorbed and used.

Front 34

What is meant by Absorption?

Back 34

Passage of substances through membranes and into body fluids.

Front 35

What is meant by circulation?

Back 35

Movement of substances in body fluids.

Front 36

What is meant by assimilation?

Back 36

Changing absorbed substances into chemically different forms.

Front 37

What is meant by excretion?

Back 37

Removal of wastes produced by metabolic reactions.

Front 38

What are the requirements of organisms? (What environmental factors are required to support life?)

Back 38

Water, Foods, Oxygen, Heat, and Pressure.

Front 39

Homeostasis

Back 39

Condition of a stable internal environment.

Front 40

Homeostasis is maintained through self-regulating control systems called...

Back 40

Homeostatic mechanisms

Front 41

List the three components shared by homeostatic mechanisms.

Back 41

Receptors, Set Point, Effectors

Front 42

Receptors

Back 42

provide information about specific conditions in the internal environment.

Front 43

Set Point

Back 43

tells what a particular value should be, such as body temperature at 98.6 degrees.

Front 44

Effectors

Back 44

Cause responses that alter conditions in the internal environment.

Front 45

Negative feedback

Back 45

the body's cruise control.

Front 46

The axial portion of the body includes:

Back 46

The head, neck, and trunk.

Front 47

The appendicular portion includes:

Back 47

The upper and lower limbs.

Front 48

Cranial Cavity

Back 48

Houses the brain.

Front 49

Vertebral Canal

Back 49

Contains the spinal cord within sections of the backbone.

Front 50

Thoracic Cavity

Back 50

The space above the diaphragm in the chest.

Front 51

Abdomino-pelvic Cavity

Back 51

The space between the diaphragm adn the lower portion of the trunk of the body.

Front 52

Mediastinum

Back 52

Seperates the thoracic cavity into two compartments, which contain the right and left lungs.

Front 53

Viscera contained in the Mediastinum:

Back 53

Heart, esophagus, trachea, and thymus.

Front 54

Viscera

Back 54

Organs in the body cavities, particularly in the abdomen.

Front 55

Viscera contained in the abdominal cavity:

Back 55

Stomach, liver, spleen, gallbladder, kidneys, and most of the small and large intestines.

Front 56

Viscera contained in the pelvic cavity:

Back 56

Terminal portion of the large intestine, the urinary bladder, and the internal reproductive organs.

Front 57

Oral cavity:

Back 57

Contains the teeth and tongue.

Front 58

Nasal cavity:

Back 58

Located within the nose and divided into right and left portions by a nasal septum.

Front 59

Orbital cavities:

Back 59

Contain the eyes and associated muscles and nerves.

Front 60

Middle ear cavities:

Back 60

Containing the middle ear bones.

Front 61

Parietal pleura:

Back 61

The membrane that lines the left and right thoracic compartments.

Front 62

Visceral pleura:

Back 62

The membrane that surrounds the lungs themselves.

Front 63

Pleural cavity:

Back 63

Potential space between pleural membranes.

Front 64

Pleural membranes

Back 64

Serous membranes that enclose the lungs and line the chest wall.

Front 65

Serous membrane

Back 65

Membrane that lines a cavity that does not open to the outside of the body.

Front 66

Peritoneal membranes

Back 66

Membranes lining the abdominopelvic cavity.

Front 67

Visceral peritonium

Back 67

Membranes covering each organ in the abdominal cavity.

Front 68

Peritoneal cavity

Back 68

The potential space between the membranes in the abdominal cavity.

Front 69

Intergumentary system

Back 69

Body covering.

Front 70

Muscular and Skeletal systems

Back 70

Support and movement.

Front 71

Nervous and Endocrine systems

Back 71

Integration and Coordination.

Front 72

Cardiovascular and Lymphatic systems

Back 72

Transport

Front 73

Digestive, Respiratory, and Urinary systems

Back 73

Absorption and excretion

Front 74

Anatomical position

Back 74

The body is standing erect, face forward, with the upper limbs at the sides and palms forward.

Front 75

Superior

Back 75

The part is above another part, or closer to the head.

Front 76

Inferior

Back 76

The body part is below another body part, or towards the feet.

Front 77

Anterior

Back 77

Toward the front.

Front 78

Posterior

Back 78

Toward the back.

Front 79

Ventral

Back 79

Toward the front.

Front 80

Dorsal

Back 80

Toward the back.

Front 81

Medial

Back 81

An imgainary midline dividing the body into equal right and left halves.

Front 82

Lateral

Back 82

Toward the side with respect to the imaginary midline. (The ears are lateral to the eyes.)

Front 83

Bilateral

Back 83

Paired structures, one of which is on each side. (The lungs are bilateral.)

Front 84

Ipsilateral

Back 84

Structures on the same side. (The right kidney and right lung are ipsilateral.)

Front 85

Contralateral

Back 85

Structures on the opposite side. (A pateint with a fractured right leg would have to bear weight on the contralateral leg.)

Front 86

Proximal

Back 86

A body part that is closer to a point of attachment to the trunk than another body part. (May also refer to another reference point, such as proximal to the kidney.)

Front 87

Distal

Back 87

The opposite of Proximal.

Front 88

Superficial

Back 88

Situated near the surface. (The epidermis is the superficial layer of the skin.)

Front 89

Deep

Back 89

Parts that are more internal. (The dermis is the deep layer of the skin.)

Front 90

Sagittal

Back 90

Lenthwise plant that divides the body in left and right portions. If it passes on the midline, it's called median or midsagittal. Lateral to the midline is called parasagittal.

Front 91

Transverse

Back 91

Horizontal plane, that divides body into superior and inferior portions. (Upper and lower)

Front 92

Coronal

Back 92

Frontal plane, divides the body into anterior and posterior portions.

Front 93

Epigastric region

Back 93

The upper middle portion of the abdominal area.

Front 94

Left and right hypochondriac regions

Back 94

Lie on each side of the epigastric region.

Front 95

Umbilical region

Back 95

Refers to the middle portion of the abdominal area.

Front 96

Left and Right lumbar sections

Back 96

Lie on each side of the umbilical region.

Front 97

Hypogastric region

Back 97

Refers to the lower middle portion.

Front 98

Left and Right iliac regions

Back 98

Lie on each side of the hypogastric region.