Ahc 1113 (Chapter 1): Definitions

Front 1

Any part of Art that does not represent observable aspects of nature or transforms visible forms into stylized image.

Back 1

Abstraction/Abstract

Front 2

The final, topmost stone in a corbel arch or vault, which joins the sides and completes the structure

Back 2

Capstone

Front 3

A general term covering all types of wares made from fired clay, including porcelain and terra cotta

Back 3

Ceramics

Front 4

A vault made by projecting courses of stone

Back 4

Corbel Vault

Front 5

An early roofing and arching technique in which each course of stone projects past the last until they meet at the top

Back 5

Corbelling

Front 6

A prehistoric structure (simple megalithic tomb) made up of two or more large, upright stones supporting one large horizontal slab or stone

Back 6

Dolmen

Front 7

A circular area enclosed by stones or wood posts set up by Neolithic peoples. Usually surrounded by a ditch

Back 7

Henge

Front 8

Relief sculpture in which the image projects strongly from the background

Back 8

High relief

Front 9

The process of creating a three dimensional object on a two dimensional surface using shading, or in sculpture, creating a form out of a malible material

Back 9

Modeling

Front 10

A projecting pin (tenon) fits into a hole designed for it (mortise)

Back 10

Mortise and Tenon Joints

Front 11

Two or more vertical elements supporting a horizontal elemenet

Back 11

Post and Lintel

Front 12

A wall construction combining upright branches woven with twigs and plastered or filled with clay or mud

Back 12

Wattle and Daub

Front 13

A sculpture whose flat background is carved away to a certian depth, setting off the figure

Back 13

Relief Sculpture

Front 14

a line or an arrangement of parallel or converging lines of upright stones or menhirs

Back 14

Alignment

Front 15

A prehistoric monument consisting of monoliths encircling a mound (or a dolmen)

Back 15

Cromlech

Front 16

an upright monumental stone standing either alone or with others, as in an alignment

Back 16

Menhir

Front 17

ornamental work (such as embroidery or latticework) having a pattern of openings

Back 17

Openwork

Front 18

As opposed to relief, sculpture in the round has form on all sides and may be viewed from any angle

Back 18

Sculpture in the Round

Front 19

A layer of masonry units running (essentially) horizontally in a wall

Back 19

Masonry Course

Front 20

Myth

Back 20

Folklore, legend, fables, a story, something that cannot be proven

Front 21

History

Back 21

Something that happened in the past, language, can be written down

Front 22

Paleolithic

Back 22

Means "Old Stone", or the Stone Age. This is the time where tools first appeared.

Front 23

Neolithic

Back 23

Means "New Stone", or the last phase of the Stone Age. This was marked by the domestication of animals, pottery, and domestication of animals.

Front 24

Auroch

Back 24

A very large, extinct type of cattle found in Europe during the Stone Age

Front 25

Memory Image

Back 25

An image that relies on the generic shapes and relationships that readily spring to mind at the mention of an object.

Front 26

Potsherds

Back 26

Broken pieces of ceramic

Front 27

Earthworks

Back 27

A work of art created by altering a piece of land, especially on a large scale.