A/h Buddhism

Front 1

Which empire is the to represent Buddha in Human form?

Back 1

Kushan Empire (1st - 3rd c.)

Front 2

Anthropomorphic

Back 2

human form of a non-living thing (ex. Buddha)

Front 3

The travels of Xuanzang

Back 3

Chinese monk traveled from China to India

Front 4

Vedic Religion

Back 4

Advocated more elaborate sacrificial rites that became obligatory

Front 5

Brahmins

Back 5

The dominant class in India (priest class)

Front 6

Who found Jainism?

Back 6

Mahavira

Front 7

The four noble truth of Buddhism

Back 7

1. Life means suffering
2. The origin of suffering is attachment
3. The cessation of suffering is attainable
4. The path to the cessation of suffering

Front 8

Where was Buddha born?

Back 8

Lumbini (NE India) Now part of Nepal

Front 9

Where did Buddha reach enlightenment?

Back 9

Bogaya

Front 10

What is the name of Buddha's mother?

Back 10

Queen Maya

Front 11

The Eightfold Path (of moral and ethical living)

Back 11

Involved no intervention, no rites and rituals and required only faith in the Buddha, his doctrine (Dharma) and the monastic community (samgha)

Front 12

Dharma

Back 12

Buddha's law (doctrine)

Front 13

Samgha

Back 13

The Buddhist monastic community

Front 14

The Great Departure

Back 14

famous picture, art that shows Buddha leaving his palace

Front 15

Where did Buddha gain his first lecture?

Back 15

Sarnath (NE India)

Front 16

Nirvana

Back 16

extinction, end of cycle of suffering through the end of consciousness

Front 17

Parinirvana

Back 17

final death of the Buddha (golden light emanated from his body under Bodhi tree)

Front 18

Sutra

Back 18

sacred text

Front 19

What was the first centralized empire in India?

Back 19

Maurya Period (322-185 BCE)

Front 20

Ashoka

Back 20

- The 3rd ruler of Maurya period who introduced Buddhism
- He built many stupas during this period

Front 21

Characteristics of art in Maurya Period

Back 21

- Influenced by Persian art
- Relied largely on wood, brick, terracotta, and stucco

Front 22

What was the "Story of Queen Maya"?

Back 22

- Dreamed of a white elephant before giving birth to Buddha
- She died 7 days after birth

Front 23

What language was Buddhism first written in?

Back 23

Pali (Sri Lanka)

Front 24

Samsara

Back 24

Continuous flow (birth, life, death, rebirth)

Front 25

Mara

Back 25

Demon, lord of evil
- Tried to tempt Buddha from reaching enlightenment

Front 26

Tripitaka

Back 26

Three baskets (Buddhism)

Front 27

Which language did Buddha speak?

Back 27

Newari (a dialect of Pali)

Front 28

Buddhism was the 1st religion to require ____.

Back 28

large communal spaces

Front 29

Stupa

Back 29

- solid earthen memorial mound
- center of mound contains relic casket containing cremated remains of Buddha or venerated Buddhist teachers (celebrates parinirvana and symbolizes his eternal body)

Front 30

Chaitya

Back 30

apsidal Buddhist chapel, hall of worship

Front 31

Vihara

Back 31

The monk's residence hall

Front 32

Chatra

Back 32

umbrella of stupa

Front 33

Harmika

Back 33

fence - square enclosure of stupa

Front 34

Torana

Back 34

gateway of stupa

Front 35

Three Jewels

Back 35

Buddha, Dharma, Sangha (at the top of the stupa, top of the chatra)

Front 36

Jatakas

Back 36

episodes from the former lives of historical Buddha

Front 37

Yaksha

Back 37

male fertility deities

Front 38

Yakshi

Back 38

Myth that female deities can make things come to life by touching part of nature with their foot

Front 39

Aniconism

Back 39

period when Buddha was only represented through symbols such as an empty throne, a riderless horse, Buddha's footprint, and dharma's wheel

Front 40

Who discovered the theory of Aniconism?

Back 40

Alfred Foucher (1911) and Ananda Coomaraswamy (1927)

Front 41

Where is Satavahana Dynasty located?

Back 41

Southern India during the Andra Period (1st c. BC to 2nd c. AD)
- Amaravati Stupa

Front 42

Emperor Kanishka

Back 42

- (120-162 AD) ruler of Kushan Dynasty
- Anthropomorphic image
- Buddhism nourished
- Buddha became deified
- Mahayana formed

Front 43

Hinayana

Back 43

also Theravada, closer to original teachings
- no deities, only Buddha

Front 44

Arhat

Back 44

ideal fig. of one who has reached enlightenment through individual effort

Front 45

Mahayana

Back 45

(greater vehicle)
- Bodhisattvas

Front 46

Bodhisattvas

Back 46

enlightened beings who forgo nirvana to help all sentient beings along the samepath

Front 47

Characteristics of a Bodhisattva style

Back 47

Heavy jewelry and garment difference with leaving upper part naked

Front 48

What are the two distinct types of Buddha images (2 regions)?

Back 48

Gandhara (NW) and Mathura (winter capital of Kushan Empire)

Front 49

32 Lakshana

Back 49

characteristics of marks represents Buddha's super human perfections

Front 50

Ushnisha

Back 50

Cranial Protuberance

Front 51

Urna

Back 51

tuft of hair between eyebrows

Front 52

Mudras

Back 52

hand gestures conveying meaning and mood

Front 53

Dhyana Mudra

Back 53

Meditation

Front 54

Bhumisparas Mudra

Back 54

touching the earth, invoking the earth as witness

Front 55

Dharmachakra Mudra

Back 55

teaching mudra, turning the wheel of law

Front 56

Abhaya Mudra

Back 56

fear not

Front 57

Asana

Back 57

Body (leg) postures

Front 58

Padmasana

Back 58

lotus position, both legs up (yoga style)

Front 59

Lalitasana

Back 59

one leg up on chair, other leg down

Front 60

Avalokitesvara

Back 60

Bodhisattva who embodies compassion of all Buddhas

Front 61

Gupta Period

Back 61

(c. 320-647) golden age of Indian culture, peaceful period
- strong patronage of Buddhism stretched along Asia (ex. The Silk of China)

Front 62

What are the two main workshops located during the Gupta Period?

Back 62

Mathura and Sarnath

Front 63

Prana

Back 63

responsible for beating of heart and breathing

Front 64

Buddhist Chaitya Halls

Back 64

the most elaborate form of interior architecture to be designed in India as site of worship

Front 65

Maharashtra

Back 65

located in W India, contains the rock-cut caves

Front 66

Preta

Back 66

Hungry ghosts living where people are born in the lowest level of living

Front 67

Jainism

Back 67

- Anti-Brahmanical faith
- Beliefs of sanctity of life through vegetarianism
- Strict moral code includes denial of sensual pleasures

Front 68

Characteristics of Jain saints

Back 68

resembles Buddha except they are naked (only nude male figure in Indian art)

Front 69

Characteristics of Theravada Buddhism Art

Back 69

Chiefly images of historical Buddha and scenes from his life and former lives

Front 70

Characteristics of Mahayana Buddhism Art

Back 70

Great many images of other Buddhas and bodhisattvas through whom devotees sought salvation

Front 71

How was Buddhism introduced in SE Asia?

Back 71

by sea through straits of Malacca

Front 72

First kingdom to espouse Buddhism

Back 72

Sriwijaya (8th-13th c. AD) Sailendra dynasty 8th-10th c.

Front 73

Buddhism received greatest patronage in Cambodia by?

Back 73

King Jayavarman VII (1181-1218)
-King of Cambodian empires were mostly Hindu

Front 74

Which country in SE Asia were nagas present?

Back 74

Only Cambodia