Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
waterworn pebble resembling a human face
|
found in Makapansgat, South Africa
significance: acknowledgement of humanity, -carried a great distance -"mirror stage" suggests that we are creatures above the animal world |
|
painting from the Apollo 11 cave
|
-proved at that time homo sapiens were in existence
-much of the body of the animal is in profile |
|
human with feline head
|
-carved out of mammoth ivory--significant because it was a hard material to obtain/work with
-hunter/gatherer society where the figure served as a symbol of importance to that group |
|
Venus of Willendorf
|
-found in Willendorf, Austria
-sculpture in the round found in a garbage dump -named "Venus" out of sarcasm, not a modern standard of beauty -token of fertility -no face means it was intended to be a general symbol |
|
woman holding a bison horn
|
-found in France
-relief sculpture, painted limestone -horn signifies importance of hunting/ gathering -female looks pregnant/fat symbolizing fertility |
|
two bison in cave
|
-found in France
-relief sculpture made of clay -shows that during this time the uses of clay had been discovered -beginning to use materials associated with the Neolithic Era |
|
Bison with a turned head
|
-fragmentary spear thrower found in France
-suggests that caves as a site became important -low relief sculpture |
|
Bison in the Caves of Altamira
|
-done as a good luck act for the hunt
-communication of a story -connection of man to nature |
|
spotted horse and negative hand imprints
|
-found in France
-showed different techniques used in cave paintings |
|
Hall of the Bulls
|
-caves at Lascaux, France
-bodies in profile and horns are in frontal |
|
rhinoceros, wounded man, disemboweled bison
|
-Lascaux, France
-painting on the well -debate over what the penis-like brush stroke signifies |
|
Mesopotamia
|
-"between two rivers": Tigris and Euphrates
-Sumerians is the most ancient civilization -had the first city/states ruled by a theocracy -engaged in city planning and organized religion |
|
cunieform
|
-developed form of writing based on pictographs
-evolved to incorporate transitory/descriptive words -written with a stylus from right to left, bottom to top |
|
White Temple and Ziggurat
|
-built in an established civilization therefore not considered Neolithic
-served as a fortress -also meant to serve as a mountain-->worship of the sky -irrigated, therefore would've been very green and lush |
|
female head
|
-statement about the power of the ruling class
-she was a priestess/ruler -would've had precious stones and a head dress -she has been defaced, an act of extreme violation |
|
presentation of offerings to Inanna
|
bottom section: growing food/plants
second section: procession of animals third section: procession of priests -top section hierarchy representation, goddess is bigger than the priest |
|
nudity in ancient art
|
-means that the figures are humbled by the presence of God
-also serves as a form of humiliation for the slaves |
|
statuettes of two worshippers Eannatum
|
-found in a temple
-perpetual prayers on behalf of who commissioned them -enormous eyes in order to never sleep/ever stop praying |
|
fragment of the victory stele of Eannatum
|
-depicts victory over neighboring town
-vultures taking body parts of slain enemies -God riding on a chariot with the king towards victory |
|
war side of the Standard of Ur
|
first section: procession of donkeys trampling dead slaves
second section: prisoners of war being collected by soldiers, ruler dismounting his chariot to collect prisoners of war |
|
peace side of the Standard of Ur
|
-people bringing goods to a banquet
-animals being led to the banquet -people celebrating at the banquet |
|
Akkadians
|
-invaded Sumer
-made their own language -semetic |
|
head of Akkadian ruler
|
-use of copper represents knowledge of metals
-defaced |
|
victory stele of Naram-Sin
|
-Iranian ruler took this to show victory
-very tall, commemorates victory (climbing a mountain) -Naram-Sin is larger, trampling over naked army |
|
votive disk of Enhenduanna
|
-circle represents moon
-first woman depicted in art for hr accomplishments -woman making sacrifices to God of the Moon -she is larger, surrounded by clothed priestesses |
|
seated statue of Gudea
|
-wearing a prayer robe with cunieform writing on it
-good king: humble, bringing peace, always in prayer -he would be around forever to pray for his civilization |
|
stele of Hammurabi
|
-he is receiving a code on a mountain top
-he is in prayer (cap/robe) -earliest example of law code |
|
Lion Gate
|
-designed to intimidate visitors
-charging lions -colossal stones |
|
statue of queen Napir-Asu
|
-solid caste
-votive figure -solid bronze (indestructible) |
|
Assyrians
|
-name came from God of the sky
-very blood-thirsty people |
|
Lamassu (winged human-headed bull)
|
-designed to be seen from the front and side
-commissioned by the ruler Sargon II -man/bull/griffin, has 5 legs |
|
Assyrian archers pursuing enemies
|
-they are shooting enemies as they are crossing a moat
-message: don't mess with the Assyrians |
|
Ashurbanipal hunting lions
|
-king mows down lions with spears for sport
-ceremonial arranged killing to make a statement of power |
|
Ishtar Gate
|
-dedicate to the goddess Ishtar in the middle of the city of Babylon
-animals in low relief -lions/dragons/bulls and important gods |
|
Persians
|
-extensive empire
-great deal of influence on civilization -very prominent in Greek mythology |
|
Palace of Shapur I
|
-commemorated the capture of a Roman empire
-Roman arches/columns -Shapur triumphing Valerian |
|
people, boats, and animals in watercolor
|
-people are probably going to a funeral
-dancing alongside the Nile -animals look very Mesopotamic -looks similar to wall paintings at Catal Hoyuk |
|
Palette of King Narmer
|
on two cows, said to represent Narmer's name
-Narmer is very large, next to him is a smaller servant -enemy is larger than the servant because he is more important -Narmer is wearing a unified crown -engaging in a procession to a funeral -not a portrait, but a symbol |
|
Mastaba (bench)
|
-simple structures that later became more complicated
-at the entrance they had a chapel and a false door -had a shaft that led to the burial chamber |
|
Imotep stepped pyramid
|
-looks very plain today
-would've had a mecropolis around it, and it would've been irrigated |
|
Great Pyramids of Gizeh
|
-Menkavre has the smallest
pyramid, Khafte has the medium pyramid, and Khufu has the largest -would've had plants and an acropolis around them |
|
Khafte's statue
|
-said to be unbreakable
-broad shoulders, narrow hips, long legs/arms -behind his head is the hawk god Horus |
|
Mankavre Khameremebty
|
-always stepping with one foot forward
-her pose is as she is presenting him as pharaoh |
|
seated scribe from Saqqara
|
-scribes are from lower classes
-look less attractive than pharaohs -painted limestone was not as rare -all the scribes have exactly the same body type |
|
Mortuary Temple of Hapshepshut
|
-assumed power by marrying the pharaoh
-would've had statues on the terraces, and would've been irrigated -very contemporary because it was meant to be built into the mountain |
|
Hapshepshut with offering jars
|
-destroyed out of embarrassment of a female pharaoh
-she is dressed as a male |
|
Temple of Ramses II
|
moved because a dam was needed where it was built originally
-Nefertari standing next to a large statue (colossi) of Ramses, and his children are next to him |
|
Interior of Temple of Ramses II
|
-hall lined with caryatid (female columns) and atlantid (male columns)
-stressed magnificence and power of Ramses II |
|
Hypostyle Hall
|
-hall with columns designed to represent your voyage down the Nile
-roof is taller in the middle to allow light in |
|
Nekfertiti
|
-bust done for model of artwork
-thought to be the most beautiful woman in the world -swelling of abdomen, and narrow shoulders |