Agronomy 328: Weed Management Lecture Notes

Front 1

What does prostrate mean?

Back 1

leaning over; stretched out on the ground

Front 2

classification of weeds is based on evolutionary --.

Back 2

relatedness

Front 3

What separates C4 plants from C3 plants?

Back 3

the product of cellular respiration is greater in C4 plants

Front 4

What does it mean if a seed needs stochastic conditioning?

Back 4

it needs hull abrasion or scarification

Front 5

what percent of plant species are considered weeds?

Back 5

0.1%

Front 6

37% of weeds are in which two families?

Back 6

grass and aster (sunflower)

Front 7

What eat seeds in predispersal?

Back 7

larvae, fungi, bats, ie weevil larvae

Front 8

what is fecundity?

Back 8

number of offspring

Front 9

what attacks seeds in postdispersal?

Back 9

herbavoires, insects,

Front 10

are there very many experiments on seedbank dispersal?

Back 10

no

Front 11

most seeds that make it into the soil and germinate though the may --.

Back 11

die

Front 12

ecologists see limitation as the rule/exception, therefore seed predation is not that important.

Back 12

exception

Front 13

do weed populations include seeds?

Back 13

yes

Front 14

What weed (on your list) doesn't reproduce by seed? Does it even have leaves? Why does it also have the common name of "scouring rush"?

Back 14

horsetail

Front 15

What is an easy well to tell whether a plant is in the "mint" family (aside from smell)?

Back 15

it has square stem

Front 16

What structure helps to identify a plant as in the "buckwheat" family?

Back 16

okrea

Front 17

What is distinctive about members of the Asteraceae family?

Back 17

very large

Front 18

What is the "function" of the dandelion pappus (umbrella-like structure attached to top of seed) aside from a means of wind dispersal?

Back 18

it angles the seed into the ground

Front 19

What weed (on your list) doesn't reproduce by seed? Does it even have leaves? Why does it also have the common name of "scouring rush"?

Back 19

horsetail; it has bristles that were at one time used to clean pots

Front 20

What is an easy well to tell whether a plant is in the "mint" family (aside from smell)?

Back 20

it has square stem

Front 21

What structure helps to identify a plant as in the "buckwheat" family?

Back 21

okrea

Front 22

What is distinctive about members of the Asteraceae family?

Back 22

very large, flowering heads

Front 23

What is the "function" of the dandelion pappus (umbrella-like structure attached to top of seed) aside from a means of wind dispersal?

Back 23

it angles the seed into the ground

Front 24

What weed (on your list) doesn't reproduce by seed? Does it even have leaves? Why does it also have the common name of "scouring rush"?

Back 24

horsetail

Front 25

What is an easy well to tell whether a plant is in the "mint" family (aside from smell)?

Back 25

it has square stem

Front 26

What structure helps to identify a plant as in the "buckwheat" family?

Back 26

okrea

Front 27

What is distinctive about members of the Asteraceae family?

Back 27

very large, flowering heads

Front 28

What is the "function" of the dandelion pappus (umbrella-like structure attached to top of seed) aside from a means of wind dispersal?

Back 28

it angles the seed into the ground

Front 29

What does the latin "arvense" mean?

Back 29

field

Front 30

What is a distinctive characteristic of (most) plants in the mustard family?

Back 30

four petals

Front 31

For the better part of a century, what three plants were on the "Wisconsin noxious weed list" and what do they have in common that makes sense, given Wisconsin's agricultural practices?

Back 31

canada thistle, field bindweed, leafy spurge;

Front 32

One advantage to being a salt tolerant weed, like "kochia", a tumbleweed, is...? (think competition

Back 32

it has little cometition

Front 33

Most weeds can self-fertilize? outcross?

Back 33

both; depending on location

Front 34

How are the bristles of the foxtail a means of dispersal?

Back 34

?

Front 35

What is the difference between a ramet and a genet? What lifecycles are these concepts most relevant for?

Back 35

ramet: a whole mess of gamets
gamet: rhizomes that run underground to form new clones of a parent plant; most relavent for perennials

Front 36

What are the "ligule" and the "auricles" of a grass? Do all grasses have them?

Back 36

auricles are at the base of the petiole and wrap around the sheath. ligules are thin outgrowths in the leafjoint

Front 37

How does Galium aparine (aka catchweed bedstraw or bedstraw) physically compete with other plants?

Back 37

it actually grows over and pushes down other plants physically

Front 38

What special structure do foxtail plants have on their hull that allow them to violate the "star trek" principle?

Back 38

it has a door that opens and closes as the seed needs to

Front 39

Many times, a good place to find sedges is....

Back 39

wet

Front 40

Sedges have....

Back 40

edges

Front 41

Are sedges in the grass family? What is the grass family name (latin)?

Back 41

no; Poaceae

Front 42

Is the "nut" of nutsedge really a nut?

Back 42

?

Front 43

How can you tell the difference between the three types of foxtail on your weed list?

Back 43

seed size (yellow>giant>green)

Front 44

Latin "seta" means "bristle" as in "Setaria" (genus of foxtail) or "Equisetum" = equus (horse) plus setum (bristle)

Back 44

?

Front 45

How is a berry a means of dispersal?

Back 45

it attracts animals that will eat, poop, and spread the seed

Front 46

What is reproductive allocation and how does it typically vary between an annual and perennial plant?

Back 46

how much energy goes into reproduction; annuals put a lot into it, where perennials are more balanced in use

Front 47

Roughly 40% of all weedy plant species come from 2 family.... what are they?

Back 47

Sunflower (Asteraceae) and Grass (Poaceae)

Front 48

lambsquarters (Chenopodium album) is a C3 plant, while redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) is a C4... what is the significance of that difference)?

Back 48

C3 plants produce 3 carbon sugars in respiration where C4 plants use 4; C4 is more efficient

Front 49

in a density independent process, the relationship between seeds and seedlings is ---.

Back 49

linear

Front 50

in the relationship between seeds and seedlings, the process starts out density independent, and then eventually becomes greatly ---.

Back 50

dependent

Front 51

what is the difference between inter and intra specific competition?

Back 51

intraspecific occurs among one species, where inter occurs between different species

Front 52

what is economic threshold?

Back 52

when the cost to rid the weeds equals the return for eliminating them

Front 53

what is the law of constant final yield?

Back 53

?

Front 54

What is the difference between a "replacement series" and an "additive design" for determining competitive impact?

Back 54

?