Agronomy 100 Labs

Front 1

What is the epicotyl?

Back 1

the region of an embryo or seedling stem above the cotyledon

Front 2

What is the hypocotyl?

Back 2

the part of the stem of an embryo plant beneath the stalks of the seed leaves (cotyledons) and directly above the root.

Front 3

What is what are the cotyledons?

Back 3

an embryonic leaf in seed bearing plants, the first leaves to appear from the soil.

Front 4

What are palmate leaves?

Back 4

leaves radiating from one point

Front 5

What are pinnate leaves?

Back 5

leaves on opposite sides of the stems

Front 6

What is the difference between the cotyledons of a dicot versus a monocot?

Back 6

Dicots have two, mono only one

Front 7

What are the major differences between the leaf structures of monocots versus dicots?

Back 7

a monocot has a sheath and a blade, a dicot has a blade and a petiole

Front 8

What is a petiole?

Back 8

the stalk that joins a leaf to a stem

Front 9

what are buds?

Back 9

growth on a plant that develops into a leaf, flower, or root

Front 10

which buds are found at the tip of a stem or branch?

Back 10

terminal

Front 11

which buds are found at the angle formed by the leaf petiole and the stem?

Back 11

axillary

Front 12

which buds are found at any point except at a node?

Back 12

adventitious

Front 13

What are three things produced by buds?

Back 13

vegetative (stems and leaves), reproductive (parts), and mixed

Front 14

What is the main or primary stem?

Back 14

part of the central axis

Front 15

what are tillers?

Back 15

stems that arise from the primary stem near soil, grow parallel to primary stem upward. referred to as "suckers". in monocots.

Front 16

what are crown shoots?

Back 16

stems that arise from the primary stem near soil, simular to tillers, except mostly in perennial dicots.

Front 17

what are stolons?

Back 17

arise from basal buds but grow horizontally outward above soil. produce adventitious roots when they come in contact with soil.

Front 18

what are rhizomes?

Back 18

produced from basal buds BELOW the soil surface. grow horizontally.

Front 19

tillers, crown shoots, stolons, and rhizomes are all types of ---?

Back 19

branches

Front 20

What is a primary root?

Back 20

part of the central axis, grows downward from the hypocotyl

Front 21

what are branch roots?

Back 21

lateral divergences of other roots, random disbursement since there are no nodes in root tissue. produced from root cells.

Front 22

What are adventitious roots?

Back 22

diverge from stem and leaf tissue, not from buds. most commonly located at base of an internode.

Front 23

peas have an inactive/active hypocotyl.

Back 23

inactive

Front 24

soybeans, beans, and peas are all dicots belonging to the --- family.

Back 24

legume

Front 25

beans have an inactive/active hypocotyl.

Back 25

active

Front 26

monocots/dicots get most of their energy from internal (cotyledon) sources.

Back 26

dicots

Front 27

monocots/dicots get most of their energy from external sources (endosperm).

Back 27

monocots

Front 28

what do tendrils do?

Back 28

they are incomplete leaves that help the plant hook onto things and provide the plant with support.

Front 29

what is the difference between a bean and a pea stipule?

Back 29

the pea is much larger. more useful in the pea.

Front 30

what is the difference between a bean and a pea tendril?

Back 30

peas actually have them. beans don't.

Front 31

what is the difference between the bean and the pea leaflet number per compound?

Back 31

peas can have 2,4, or 6 per compound leaflet. palmately w/ 2... pinnately w/ 4 or 6. Beans are always pinnately with 3 leaflets.

Front 32

what are the conditions necessary for seedling germination?

Back 32

seed absorbs sufficient water, suitable temperature, and sufficient amount of water for embryo respiration.

Front 33

what happens to the hypocotyl and epicotyl are hit by light?

Back 33

they straighten

Front 34

why would a plant be better off with an active hypocotyl?

Back 34

photosynthesis occurs in the cotyledons.

Front 35

why would a plant be better off with an inactive hypocotyl?

Back 35

protection against cold, ability to regenerate with underground food supply

Front 36

What is contractile growth?

Back 36

When a hypocotyl shortens to get nodes below soil

Front 37

Red clover, white and ladino clover, and alsike clover are all examples of which genus?

Back 37

Triflolium

Front 38

Alfalfa and black medic are examples of which genus?

Back 38

Medicago

Front 39

What is pubescence?

Back 39

leaf surface covered in small hairs.

Front 40

What is glaborous?

Back 40

smooth

Front 41

during contractile growth, the hypocotyl increases/decreases in height while increasing/decreasing in width.

Back 41

decreases, increases

Front 42

on a legume flower, the largest petal is called ....

Back 42

the standard

Front 43

on a legume flower, the two lateral petals are ....

Back 43

wings

Front 44

on a legume flower, two petals fused together to form a boat-like structure are the..

Back 44

keel

Front 45

on a legume flower, five sepals are referred to as the ....

Back 45

calyx

Front 46

Both the corolla and calyx as well as reproductive products are all mounted on the .....

Back 46

receptacle

Front 47

the staminate column consists of an .... and a .....

Back 47

anther and filament

Front 48

there are nine stamens whose ..... are fused together while one is not fused to the other nine.

Back 48

filaments

Front 49

The pistil consists of.... (3)

Back 49

ovary, stigma, and style

Front 50

what are funiculi?

Back 50

the umbilical chords of plants

Front 51

pollen enters the ovule through a small opening called..

Back 51

the micropyle

Front 52

what is the hilum?

Back 52

it is the seed scar (belly button)

Front 53

what is the radicle?

Back 53

little root