Agricultural Microbiology

Front 1

composting

Back 1

biological decomposition and stabilization of organic matter under thermophilic temperatures

Front 2

end products of composting

Back 2

stable, pathogen free and seed free, beneficial soil supplement

Front 3

composting stages

Back 3

1. mesophile (20-60c)
2.thermophile (60-80c)
3. cool down

Front 4

ruminant animals (type and what they do)

Back 4

bacteria and protozoa. grow in high numbers in sheltered environemtn. convert cellulose to essential nutrients through fermentation.

Front 5

nonruminant using ruminant style digestion

Back 5

microbes in upper intestine, horses, whales, mice, elephants, termites

Front 6

lactobacillus plantarum

Back 6

silage added to improve agriculture. preservation of stock feed. added to chopped plant materials in anaerobic environments. sugars are fermented to lactic acid.

Front 7

feed supplements

Back 7

microbes are added to feed to increase nutritional value of feed. example- propinibacterium freudenreichii

Front 8

transgenic plants

Back 8

plants developed from genetically modified plant

Front 9

agrobacterium tumefaciens as a vector

Back 9

crown gall disease. tubor inducing plasmid is introduced into plant chromosome.

Front 10

steps in crown gall disease innoculation in farm microbiology

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1. plasmid modified with foreign gene
2. inserted back into bacterial cells, bacteria inoculated into plant
3. no longer causes tumors but rather other functions

Front 11

Resistance to herbicides biotechnology

Back 11

a tumefaciens may be used to make round up ready crops. normally herbicides are weed killing

Front 12

Advantages of GM in agriculture

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1. less tilling leads to less soil erosion
2. roundup substituted from more toxic herbs

Front 13

Disadvantages of GM in agriculture

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possiblity of transfering resistance to weedy plants, using more herbicide thanks to roundup ready

Front 14

bacillus thurigiensis

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bacterial insectidie- bacterium forms protein crystal that ulcerate the insect intestinal wall, kills catipillars

Front 15

bacterial insecticides uses

Back 15

bacteria applied to crops (biocontrol)
bt gene inserted into plants (biotechnolog)

Front 16

Bt debate

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bt could prevent use of harmful pesticides, plants that are genetically altered release harmful pollen, may kill nonstargent organisms

Front 17

pseydomonas syringae

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ice minus bacteria- bacterial protein made by natural p syringae causes nucleation. encourages frost development and found in snow. in ice minus- gene removed, sprayed on crops = ICE MINUS

Front 18

advantages of GM foods

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improved processing, increased production, increased nutritional value, medical uses

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disadvantages of gm foods

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food allergies to nut protein, potential toxicities, possibility of gene transfer to human microflora

Front 20

flavor savor tomato

Back 20

gm food. produces antisense mrna to enzyme that causes tomato rot. delays soteneing, tomatos can be picked while ripe

Front 21

salt tolerant tomato

Back 21

gm food- can live in high salt environemtn. gene from mustard seed.

Front 22

Golden Rice

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beta carotene rice- rice with increased nutritional content, prevents vit a deficiency, contains daffodil genes

Front 23

transgenic plants medical uses

Back 23

as vaccines-- microbial genes to microbial protein, no syringes