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97 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Direct seeding /planting |
Seeds or other planting materials are directly planted in the field |
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Broadcasting |
A form of direct seeding where seeds are uniformly distributed in the field. |
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Broadcasting |
A form of direct seeding where it requires thorough land preparation otherwise weeds will be a serious problem |
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Hill method |
Form of direct seeding where seeds are sown at specified distance between hills and between rows of specified distances. (Ex. corn, pineapple) |
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Drill method |
A form of direct seeding where specified number of seeds are sown within rows of specified distances. (Ex. Mungbean) |
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Hill and Drill method |
2 methods where weed control is much easier through the use of a rotary weeder or cultivator for straight rows |
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Dibble |
A form of direct seeding where land does not require plowing, harrowing and furrowing but needs thorough clearing. |
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Dibble |
Forms of direct seeding where seeds are pit into the holes and covered with thin layer of soil. (Ex. corn, rice, sitao, okra) |
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Transplanting Method |
A general method of planting: Seedlings are initially raised in the nursery and later planted in the field or greenhouses. |
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Population density |
Refers to the number of plants per unit area; Important to know for planning purposes |
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Maximum yield |
Optimum population density needed to achieve __________________. |
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Square system |
Plants are placed at the corners of the square. Plants are equidistant to with one another. |
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Triangular system |
Plants are set at the corners of triangle (equilateral). Allows higher PD than the square by 15%. |
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Contour system |
Plants are planted following the contour line in hill/sloppy excuses. |
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Ratoons |
Biennial plants like pineapple and sugarcane produce duckers which will serve as the next ctop. |
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Ratooning |
Produced suckers serves as the next crop. |
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Quickroot |
A combination of IBA and NAA mixed with talcum powder |
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Auxins |
Phytohormones tht promote rooting of stem cuttings |
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ANAA solution |
A synthetic auxin that stands for alpha-napthaleneacetic acid |
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1-3% KNO3 or Ca(NO3)2 |
Concentration of foliar spray for Mango |
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Ethephon |
Increases latex yield |
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Fertilizer and Pesticide Authority |
Commercial products must be registered with ___________. |
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Bioefficacy testing and correct labeling |
Product registration involves what to guarantee analysis of active ingredients |
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Training |
Techniques that direct/modify the growth of plant in terms of canopy size, shape and direction |
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Trellising (staking) |
A technique of training that refers to provision of support to viny crops and other crops that could not stand without support. |
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Types of Trellis |
Fence type Overhead A type T type Single pole Teepee type |
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Pruning |
Judicious removal of plant parts to achieve specific objectives |
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Topping/Cutting back/Pinching |
Pruning technique; removing terminal shoot of young plant to encourage spreading canopy growth and/or keep the tree dwarf |
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Coffee plant |
Crop where the technique topping is done |
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Bending |
Pruning technique; to produce multiple vertical shoots thus increase the number of bearing lateral branches |
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Preventive |
A kind of pruning tht refers to removal of dead, i sect-infested and diseased plant parts |
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Formative |
A kind of pruning to modify shape of canopy |
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Corrective |
A kind of pruning removing excess shoots that interfere with light penetration and aeration within the tree canopy |
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Rejuvenative |
A kind of pruning removing most of the shoots in order to reinvigorate an old unproductive tree |
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Desuckering |
A special kind of pruning. Removing excess suckers |
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Photoassimilates |
Directed to reproductive rather than vegetative growth |
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Pruning shear, pruning saw |
Pruning tools |
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Cutting out |
Type of pruning based on pruning cut. Removal of entire branch or shoot such as in corrective and preventive pruning |
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Cutting back |
Type of pruning based on pruning cut. removal of portion of branch or shoot such as in formative pruning |
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Stubbing |
Type of pruning based on pruning cut. a severe form of cutting back such as in rejuvenative pruning |
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Windbreak establishment |
Another special practice to reduce windspeed and to protect the crop from damage |
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Single or double row near the fence line |
How are the windbreakers planted? |
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20x it's height |
It was estimated that windbreak can reduce windspeed up to the maximum distance of |
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Dense canopy |
What canopy provides more protection that the windbreak with less dense canopy |
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12x the tree height |
30% density windspeed is reduced to the distance of? |
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20x the tree height |
50% density windspeed is reduced to the distance of? |
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Perpendicular |
Windbreak: rows must be oriented _________ to wind dorection |
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Short to medium; tall |
Windbreak: The first and last rows should be _____ to ______; _____ ones at the middle row |
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Water management |
An integrated process of timely application of the needed amount of water and the removal of excess water from the field to ensure optimum growth and crop productivity |
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Fruit cracking |
Fluctuation of water supply can cause __________ |
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Soil factors |
Affects the water holding capacity, water percolation (includes soil structure, texture and depth) |
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Climatic factors |
Factors including temperature, length and intensity of sunshine, relative humidity and wind movement |
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Plant factors |
Factors that includes rooting characteristics, drought tolerance and growth stages |
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Drought tolerant crop |
Sineguelas |
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Drought tolerant crop |
Cashew |
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Drought tolerant crop |
Mango |
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Drought tolerant crop |
Tamarind |
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Droight-susceptible |
Banana |
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Droight-susceptible |
Lanzones |
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Droight-susceptible |
Durian |
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Droight-susceptible |
Papaya and cacao |
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Induce flowering |
Application of irrigation water after a brief period of drought can |
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Gravimetry |
Involves oven drying a sample of soil and compute soil moisture content |
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Tensiometer |
Tool to measure the water potential which is inversely related to amount of available water |
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50% of the available water |
Threshold level at which water can be depleted before the crop is adversely affected |
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Sand-cum-miniplot technique |
Adding 6% sand to the soil |
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Furrow method |
Surface irrigation system: applied water seeps into side and bottom of furrows to attain desired wetting |
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Flooding method |
Surface irrigation: water is applied by flooding the entire field |
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Basin method |
Surface irrigation: trees are irrigated individually |
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Sprinkler irrigation |
Highly-pressurized water is delivered through network of pipes and comes out as fine droplets |
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Drip system |
Water is applied through network or pipes and comes out in the form of drips |
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Sub-surface irrigation systems |
Water is applied below the soil surface and reaches plant root zone by capillary movement |
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Open will and tube well |
Two sources of irrigation under ground water |
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Leaching |
Loss of nutrients through percolation |
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Volatilization |
Loss of nutrients in gaseous form |
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Erosion |
Loss of nutrients through loss of top soil |
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Crop nutrient removal |
Considerable amount of nutrients are lost through the uptake by plants and harvested growers |
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Proper soil management |
Aimed at improving and maintaining solid productivity, including soil conservation measures that minimize nutrient losses from the soil due to soil erosion and volatilization |
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Fertilization |
Application of fertilizer or any nutrient-containing materials to improve or maintain the opt nutrient levels in the plant and in the soil |
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Crop species and age |
The quantity and kind of fertilizer depend on |
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Nitrogen |
Higher proportion of ______ is applied during early vegetative stage or after harvest (perennials) |
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K |
Higher proportion of ____ is needed during reproductive stage |
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Field fertilizer trial |
Experiment some in field to assess the effect of various levels of fertilizer and their interaction with all the existing factors or crop growth and dev |
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Nutrient deficiency symptoms |
Lack of nutrient is shown in the plant through the appearance of symptoms |
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Lack of N |
Causes general yellowing of leaves and stunted growth |
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Soil analysis |
Chemical analysis of representative soil samples to determine the amount available nutrients in the soil |
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Organic matter |
The native source of N in the soil |
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Deficient |
P < 10 ppm |
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Tissue analysis |
Chemical analysis of plant tissue to determine the concentration of nutrient present in the tissue |
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Crop nutrient removal |
Removes considerable amount of nutrients from the soil |
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Natural fertilizer |
Avaialable in nature: mostly organic: slow nutrient release |
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Synthetic fertilizer |
Product of synthesis; mostly inorganic: readily soluble |
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Broadcast |
Fertilizer method of application where fertilizer us spread uniformly on the entire area being fertilized |
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Band or trench |
Method of fertilizer application where fertilizer is applied to he bottom of furrows or the sides of the seeds/seedlings during planting |
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Foliar application |
Fertilizer method of application where fertilizer solution is sprayed to leaves. |
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Fertigation |
Fertilizer application method where fertilizer solution is applied through irrigation |
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Site-Spwcidix Nutrient Management |
What is SSNM? provides tools and strategies that determine the nutrient requirement of a Crip based on plant demand and indigenous soil nutrient supply in a specific season and location |
