Ag Module 1 Surface Weather Observations

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Most comprehensive manual for U.S. Navy shiboard surface aviation weather observations

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NAVMETOCCOMINST 3144.1

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Freezing point of water on Kelvin temperature scale

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273.16 K

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standard time zone designation for east coast of United States

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-5

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day that marks beginning of daylight savings time in U.S.

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First Sunday of April

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day that marks end of daylight savings time in U.S.

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last Sunday in October

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Cumuliform clouds are generally associated with what type of air ?

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moist and unstable

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lift caused by air density differences between air masses along frontal zone

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frontal

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lift caused by friction between adjacent layers

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turbulent

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lift caused by features on Earth's surface, such as mountains

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orographic

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lift caused by heating near Earth's surface

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convective

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What etage does cumulus belong to ?

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low etage

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In the mid latitudes the top of the mid etage extends to what altitude?

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23,000 ft

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What is another name for waterspouts or tornados?

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tuba

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T/F
Moderately developed cumulus clouds may produce precipitation.

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True

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A dark, fuzzy area immediately below base of cumulus cloud

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virga

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In mid latitudes, cirrus blowoff from a CB anvil top will occur at maximum of how many feet?

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45,000 ft

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Low level wind shear is associated with what boundary ?

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outflow boundary

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How far can hail be found from CB cell ?

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up to 25 miles

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Most common form of precipitation produced by stratocumulus

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snow flurries

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What produces a corona ?

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Liquid droplets in a mid-etage cloud

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An orographic cloud that forms downwind of a mountain range and is cap shaped

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Forehnwall

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Standard abv. for cloud to ground lightning

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LTGCG

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What 3 things are used to determine cloud ceiling ?

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1. total sky cover
2. Layer coverage
3. summation sky coverage

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The first broken or overcast layer is called what ?

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ceiling

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white,opaque, rounded or conical kernels of frozen water that occur as showers

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snow pellets

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type of precipitation that is formed exclusively in thunderstorms

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ice pellets

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____ precipitation falls from cumuliform clouds and changes more abruptly than intermittent precipitation

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showery

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greatest distance that objects may be seen and identified throughout more than half of the horizon circle

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prevailing visibility

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visibilty associated with how far pilot can see at the moment the aircraft lands

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runway visual range

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suspended liquid water droplets that reduce visibility from 1,000 m to 9,000m

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mist

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ambient air temperature

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dry bulb

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saturation point of air when temperature is below freezing

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frost point

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temperature that air must be cooled to reach saturation

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dew point

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Wind direction is normally reported and forecasted to what degree ?

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nearest 10 degree

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standard unit of measure for wind speed by U.S. forces

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knots

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gust

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rapid fluctuation in wind speed with variation between peaks and lulls

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sudden increase in wind speed by 16 knots or more and REMAINS 22 knots or more for at least 1 minute

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squall

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peak wind speed

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highest observed instateneous wind speed

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wind direction changes by 60 degrees or more

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variable wind

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change in wind direction by 45 degrees or more during a 15 minute period

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wind shift

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average height of only the highest 1/3 of the waves

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significant wave height

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average freezing point of seawater

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-1.9 C

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small ice cake

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piece of sea cake 1.5 m across

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any sizable area of seawater enclosed by ice

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polyna

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a break or crack in the ice

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fracture

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a melt hole in the ice

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thaw hole

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Where do most icebergs originate in the Northern Hemisphere ?

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Greenland

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Iceberg about the size of a truck is called what?

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growler

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ratio of water vapor the air holds to the amount it can possibly hold

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relative humitdity

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Three indicators that are used as a guide for precipitation intensity.

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1. rate of accumulation
2. visibility
3. spray appearance over hard surfaces