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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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When moving and herding cows what should you do?
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>act calm
>walking pace >safe to approach shoulder >use shoulder to move animal |
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Why do you not use tail restraint with cows?
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vertebrae is fragile
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What is a tail jack used for?
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discourages kicking
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What is a tail tie used for?
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keeps the tail up for rectal exams, etc
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What is used for leg restraint in cattle?
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hobbles
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What is casting?
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gently dropping the cow using ropes into sternal or lateral recumbency
**pressure points makes animal drop** |
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What should you get on the history of cattle?
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>how many affected
>how long >any Tx given >diet >vaccine Hx |
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What should be looked at during a visual exam from a distance?
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>general demeanor
>eating >defecating >RR |
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What is the normal TPR of a cow?
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T - 100.4 - 103.1
P - 40-80 R - 10-30 |
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How do you assess hydration on a cow?
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Normal CRT = 1-2sec
MM - vulva, gingiva, conjunctiva, nostrils |
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How many rumen contractions should you auscult in a cow?
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1-2
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How do you assess for bloat?
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look at the changing shape of both sides of the cow
**pear to apple** |
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What does papple shape refer to?
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the left side resembles an apple and the right side a pear
**bloat** |
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A normal cow has ______ bowel movements a day?
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12-18
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On a calm cow how do you give oral medication?
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>reach over top of head and press on hard palate
>insert over base of tongue >avoid raising head |
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What is an intramammary infusion?
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infusing medication into a teat
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Why do you milk the cow before giving a intramammary infusion?
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>gives better tissue contact
>need to empty mammary gland |
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What is the gestation period of cows?
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283 days (276-295)
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What signs does a cow give prior to parturition?
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>rear muscles & ligaments soften
>tail head raised 24-48hrs >vulva swollen, thick discharge >mammary gland enlarge >aloof |
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What is labot?
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stages w/ behavioral changes
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What signs of behavioral changes does the cow show during labot?
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>restless
>anorexic >kicking at side |
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When is a cow considered to be experiencing dystocia?
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straining for greater than 1 hour
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When should the placenta pass?
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by 12 hours
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When is the placenta considered retained?
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greater than 24 hours
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What should you look for if you are there for calving?
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>breathing - clear airway
>fetal membranes removed >TPR >dip umbilicus |
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When should a calf stand and nurse?
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within 1-2 hours
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How much colostrum should the calf get in the first 12-24 hours?
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10-15% body weight
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What is meconium?
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first feces
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When should meconium occur?
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within the first 24 hours
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Why is it important for the meconium to pass?
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will get colicky if it doesn't
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What is the most common vein to obtain a blood sample in cows?
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jugular vein
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95% of mastitis is due to what two bacteria?
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>streptococcus agalactiae
>staphylococcus aureus |
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What are the two categories of mastitis?
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>clinical
>subclinical |
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Why do you dip the teats after milking?
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>prevent possible infection
>the orifice is open for 1-2 hours |
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What causes milk letdown?
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oxytocin
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What prevents milk letdown?
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epinephrine
**stress, noise, strange people** |
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What is determined in the California Mastitis Test?
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SCC
Somatic cell count |
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An orange metal tag in the right ear and a tattoo in the inner pinna indicates?
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brucellosis vaccination
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When can you detect pregnancy in a cow during rectal palpation?
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early as 25-30 days
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A pig is considered what?
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male or female under 120lbs
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A hog is considered what?
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a male or female over 120lbs
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What is the term for a young preweaning pig?
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piglet
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What is the term for intact female pig?
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sow
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What is the term for intact male pig?
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boar
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What are signs of swine being overly stressed?
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>squeal
>hyperthermia |
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What can be used to "herd" swine?
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>hurdle board
>light cane >blindfold |
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A hog snare should be used for no more than _____ minutes?
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20-30 (book)
**Yates - few minutes** |
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Why should a hog snare only be used on adults?
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piglets faces are too soft
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What are the types of restraint that can be used on swine during standing restraint?
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>hog snare
>snubbing rope >rope harness |
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Swine are ______ to anesthetize and sedate?
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hard
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What can you examine on swine?
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only things on the surface
>ears >wounds >MM |
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What is the normal TPR of swine?
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T - 101.1 - 103.5
P - 60-90 R - 10-24 |
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What is are the sites for IV injection in a pig?
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>ear
>cephalic >jugular |
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What is are the sites for IP injection in a pig?
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>lower abdo
>caudoventral abdo >paralumbar fossa |
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What is are the sites for IM injection in a pig?
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neck muscle
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What is are the sites for SQ injection in a pig?
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>axilla
>inguinal |
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What is the intranasal site used for in pigs?
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>vaccines
>anesthesia |
