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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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If there is no pain present what activities will a dog do?
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Eat
Shake Yawn |
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If there is no pain present what activities will a cat do?
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Eat
Stretch Sleep Curled Up Yawn |
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Unpleasant sensory or emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage.
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Pain
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Absence of pain in the presence of stimuli that would normally be painful.
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Analgesia
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Absence of all sensory modalities; the inability to perceive painful stimuli.
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Anesthesia
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What is hyperesthesia?
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increased sensitivity to stimulation
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What is multimodal or balanced anesthesia?
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use of 2 or more analgesic agents that differ in their mechanism of action to achieve more effective analgesia
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The reception, conduction and CNS processing of nerve signals generated by the stimulation of nociceptors.
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Nociception
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Naked afferent nerve ending preferentially sensitive to a noxious stimulus or a stimulus that would become noxious if prolonged.
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Nociceptor
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What is referred pain?
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pain felt in a body part other than that in which it originates
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Pain from skin, SQ, muscles, bones and joints characterized as stabbing, throbbing or aching is?
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Somatic pain
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Pain from internal organs characterized as cramping, burning, and gnawing is?
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Visceral pain
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What is windup?
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The buildup of chemical mediators during surgery that the animal becomes aware of post-op
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What is pre-emptive analgesia?
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establishing analgesia BEFORE the onset of pain
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How do you prevent windup?
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pre-emptive analgesia
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What are some cardiovascular signs of pain and/or distress?
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>Increased HR and BP
>pale MM >Increased CRT >Cool extremities |
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What are some respiratory signs of pain and/or distress?
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>rapid, shallow breaths, panting
>Decreased tidal volume |
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What are some Digestive signs of pain and/or distress?
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>Wt loss
>vomiting >inappetance >constipation >diarrhea >salivation |
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What are some musculoskeletal signs of pain and/or distress?
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>unsteady gait
>lameness >weakness >tremors >shivering |
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What are some urinary signs of pain and/or distress?
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>reluctance to urinate
>loss of house training |
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What are some laboratory signs of pain and/or distress?
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>increased WBC
>increased lymph >increased glucose >increase PCV >increased cortisol >increased catecholamines |
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What are the 3 methods of pain control?
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1. Endorphins
2. Non-pharmacological 3. Pharmacological |
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What are some non-pharmacological ways of pain control?
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>massage therapy
>cold/hot therapy >physical therapy >non-traditional - magnetic, homeopathic,herbal, acupuncture |
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Morphine is used for both a _______ & _______?
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analgesic
preanesthetic |
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Morphine is used to treat what type of pain?
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visceral and somatic
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What is the perferred route of administration of morphine in cats?
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SQ
**prevents vomiting and dysphoria |
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What is the duration of morphine?
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3-4 hours
time released oral - 12hrs |
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What are some side effects of morphine?
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>GI (vomiting, salivation, defecation) - pretreat w/ ace
>histamine release w/rapid IV >bradycardia (pretreat w/atropine) >severe respiratory depression |
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Meperedine (demerol) effect is ______ and lasts only about _______.
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weak
1 hour |
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What is the preferable route of administration of meperedine? Why?
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SQ
**IM is painful **IV-hypotension & histamine release |
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What is the duration of action of oxymorphone?
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4-6 hours
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Which opioid doesn't stimulate vomiting and histamine release?
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oxymorphone
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What are some side effects of oxymorphone?
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>respiratory depression
>paradoxically causes panting >bradycardia |
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Which opioid doesn't cause excitement in cats?
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hydromorphone
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What is the duration of action of Fentanyl?
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30 minutes
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What is the duration of action using the transdermal fentanyl patch?
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4-12 hours in cat
12-24 hours in dogs |
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What are the side effects of the fentanyl patch in cats?
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>dysphoria
>disorientation >dilated pupils |
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What are the side effects of the fentanyl patch in dogs?
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>ataxia
>sedation |
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Butorphanol is used for what type of pain?
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better for visceral than for somatic pain
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What are the side effects of butorphanol?
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respiratory depression (ceiling effect)
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What is the duration of action of buprenorphine (buprenex)?
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Up to 12 hours
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What are the side effects of buprenorphine?
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respiratory depression (delayed onset)
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What type of pain is buprenorphine useful for?
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mild to moderate pain
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What is the number one side effect of NSAIDs?
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GI ulceration
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