African History

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Fourah Bay College

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First post-secondary school in Africa, founded in Sierre Leone in 1827

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Sierra Leone

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Where British people put Africans once they had stopped being slaves. Founded in 1787 and colonized in 1808 it allowed freedom while forcing Christianity onto inhabitants.

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Angola

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First Portuguese colony (originally Ndongo), colonized in 1575 it was a neighbour to the Kingdom of Kongo.

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Sokoto Caliphate

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Jihadic state founded by Uthman don Fodio in 1804, originally intended to reverse African slavery but grew so quickly that those changes were ignored and Africans begun being sold as slaves regardless of their religion.

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Uthman don Fodia

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Fulani Caliph and the founder of the Sokoto Caliphate, led followers into exile in 1802 and started jihadist movement against Gobire in 1804.

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Asantehene

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The absolute monarch, or the king, of the Asante people. The first of which was Osei Tutu who was named so in 1701 when the Asante became and Empire.

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Asante

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Empire that used slavery as trade method with the Europeans, near Yorubaland on the South Western part of Africa that survived from 1700 through the 1800s.

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Mani Kongo

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The leader of the Kingdom of Kongo, there were many of these during the life of the Kongo.

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Mbanza Kongo

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"The city of Kongo", later known as Sao Salvador as changed by Alvoro I during his reign in the 16th century.

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Dona Beatriz Kimpa Vida

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Claimed to have been possessed by St. Anthony in 1704 and then went on to start Antonionism and try to recover Kongo (through the recovery of Sao Salvador). Eventually she got preggo, double crossed her alliance and moved home which ultimately got her burned at the stake.

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Soyo

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West coastal area of Africa that was once part of the Kongo Kingdom but declared independence in 1636 which went alongside the decline of the Kongo.

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Nzimbu

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Main form of currency in Kongo, which was lost when the king lost access to the island of Luanda in 1622.

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Luanda

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West African coast which was known as the "Slave Coast" from the 16th-19th century (exported 10,000 slaves/year from 1618-1640)

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Queen Nzinga

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Queen of Ndongo beginning in 1626 when she overthrew the king at the time. She was known as bold and violent and frequently turned Dutch and Portuguese against each other. Semi-allied herself with King Pedro IV during 17th century.

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Pombeiros

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Group of travelling market people who brought slaves to the Europeans at the Luanda coast in return for wine and cloth in the 1700s.

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Khoisan

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Combination of Khoi Khoi and San people who were the original inhabitants of South Africa (specifically Cape Town where the Dutch originally landed and tried to buy their cattle).

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Dutch East India Company

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Company that first stopped and settled in South Africa (Cape Town) in 1652 with intentions of re-stocking their shops on their Indian trade route.

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Amabutho

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The Zulu regiments put in place by Shaka during his reign (1816-1828).

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Trekboer

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Dutch settlers who originated in Cape Town but then moved towards the middle of South Africa in the 17th century (greatly bothering the British as they went) and practiced seasonal migration until they came across the Bantu speaking people.

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Mfecane

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The period of rapid Zulu expansion under the reign of Shaka (1816-1828).

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Shaka

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Ruler of the Zulu kingdom who reigned from 1816-1828 and was said to have been militant (and some say bloodthirsty) but was the ruler during a time of rapid Zulu expansion and military success.

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Battle of Mbwila

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Battle that defeated the Kingdom of Kongo in 1665 while Kongo was under the rule of Antonio I.

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Sao Tome

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Island off the coast, "discovered" by the Portuguese in 1480, and the site of the first sugar cane plantation.

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El Mina

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Castle built on the "Gold Coast" by the Portuguese in 1482 which proved that the Portuguese were after gold on their quest to Africa.

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Ndoki

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Directly translated to "witch", but meant someone who possessed the power to manifest the spiritual world (either positively or negatively) in the Kongo during the 17th century. This idea was condemned by Dona Beatriz (although she was said to practice and possess it).

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Yoruba

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The religion and language of the population of Yorubaland, and area of land that covered South Western African (capitals were Ife-Ife and Oyo-Ife) and was successful during the time of the Slave Trade because the leaders requested slaves as a form of tax and had a quota (that sometimes was filled through the capturing of war prisoners) from 15th-19th century.

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Oyo

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Yoruba Empire that became the capital of Yorubaland after the fall of Ife-Ife in the 15th century. Was successful because of the ability to use slave market to its advantage.

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Freetown

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Capital of Sierra Leone

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Samuel Crowther

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First African Protestant Priest who became a bishop and then went back to his Yoruban speaking people (Sierra Leone) to preach Christianity in 1821.

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Fulani

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Jihadist group who were raiders and sold slaves in the 16th and 17th century until Uthman changed things with Caliphate foundation.

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Orisa

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Yoruba deity who are said to be the offspring of Oduduwa as well as the first kings and queens or Yoruba, most strongly believed in Ife-Ife and Oyo-Ife as these were the places the Orisas were said to have originated. 6th and 9th century discovery.