African Asians Ch. 2 Sec 1 And 2

Front 1

Early achievements

Back 1

a. Stone tools and weapons
i. Effect- Larger animals=sustain large population
ii. Nomads=wandered
b. Control fire- increase population/move north
c. Language dev.
i. Effect- pass on information.
d. BIG EFFECTS-
i. migration (move4th
ii. adapation to diff climates and landforms

Front 2

Nomads

Back 2

hunting people who traveled from place to place to find food

Front 3

ice age

Back 3

• Stone age man – adapted
a. Caves, warm animal skins

Front 4

Agricultural Revolution sec.1
(2 key achievements and effects)

Back 4

Learn to farm
• People no longer have to travel for food
• Permanent communities
• Religious beliefs changed from ceremonies and rituals centered on hunted animals to gods of nature (sun ad rain)- control harvest
Tame animals

Front 5

First civizations - key features

Back 5

• cities-
o sedentary (stationary), farming, surplus in rivers, Approx 30N
• Well organized government
o Archeologists- extrapolate- irrigation systems, huge palaces, Sophisticated gov-large numbers organ. $$ collected
• Well- developed religious beliefs (temples, priest kings)
• Specialized jobs
o Blacksmith (artisians)
o Farmers, government officials
• Social classes
o Ruler, land-owner nobles/priest, gov officials, merchants, farm, slaves (debt, Prisoner Of War)
• Record keeping
o Pictographs, later alphabet

Front 6

Civilization

Back 6

highly organized group of people with their own language and way of living

Front 7

Archaeologists

Back 7

scientists who study objects left by early people

Front 8

Cultural Diffusion

Back 8

• spread of ideas and inventions
• ie. Harness from Sumeria improved by China
• Judaism (monoth-infl Chris/ and Islam)

Front 9

Changing World Powers

Back 9

• 100 AD- Rome and China
• 1300
o Islamic rulers
• (Spain to China)
• lots of trade
• muslims brought goods from India and China to Middle east and Africa
• Africans Kingdoms grew wealthy with trade (muslim rulers)
• Timbuktu- imp. Center of Islamic learining
o Northern india
• Muslim rulers (sultans)
• Silks, cotton, spices
o China
• Mongols (nomads from asia) conquered china
• Made network of roads to encourage trade with middle east
• Traders impressed with Chinese inventions
• Gun powder
• Paper
o In America
• Aztecs
• Incas
o Europe on fringes
• Less developed than civilizations in China, India, and Middle

Front 10

Emergence of Europe

Back 10

small kingdoms
monarchs rule centralized gov.
expand power

Front 11

Advances in Technology in Europe

Back 11

o Rediscovered learning of ancient civilizations
• During renaissance
• Building on this ancient learning caused:
• Scientific discoveries
• Practical inventions
o Adapted technologies from other lands
• China:
• Compass: improved it.
• Take long sea voyages
• Gunpowder: muskets and cannons
• Conquer more lands

Front 12

capital

Back 12

• Money that can be invested in business ventures for the purpose of making a profit

Front 13

money economy (europe)

Back 13

o Changed from Barter economy, trading goods, to using money
o Allowed for capital

Front 14

industrail revolution ( mid 1700's) caused by

Back 14

• Agriculture
• Industry

Front 15

Overseas Expansion

Back 15

o Rulers invest in capital to get richer
o Paid for de Gama’s voyage and Columbus’s voyage
• Spurred Europeans to explore new regions
• Soldiers and settlers followed claiming lands in America
• New trade post in Africa
• Spain, Portugal, England, France built huge colonial empires
o Columbus voyage opened up “new world” (west indies)

Front 16

A second agricultural revolution (europe )

Back 16

o New plants from Americas
• Europeans can grow a wider variety of crops
o Improved farming methods AND
o Farm machines
• Grow more food
• Fewer people needed on fields
• Move to towns (need for workers growing)

Front 17

New system of production (1750-1914)

AND 2 key features

Back 17

o Industrial rev. transformed Europe + USA
• Began in British Cloth making industry
• Entrepreneurs financed new inventions of machines to thread and weave cloth.
• Factory Sys
o Entrepreneurs
o 2 key features
• Machines replaced hand tools
• Steam and electricity replaced human and animal power

Front 18

Entrepreneurs

Back 18

people who risked their $ to set up businesses in order to make a profit.

Front 19

Urbanization

Back 19

growth of cities

Front 20

Effects of industrialization

Back 20

o Urbanization- growth of cities
o People go to cities to work in factories
• Hardship, poverty
• Long hours
• Dangerous conditions
• Low wages
o Reformers:
• Protested factory conditions
• Eventually workers got:
o Higher wages
o Safer conditions
• Urged gov. to be more democratic
• Gov extend right to vote to male citizens
o Europe and US
• Transportation: railroads, steamships
• Mining
• Communication: telegraph, telephone
• Improved standard of living
• Health: medical discoveries

Front 21

Imperialism (1870-1914 Age of Imperialism)

Back 21

o Industrialization
• European expansion overseas
• Would sell manufactured products there
• Need raw materials from Africa, Asia, Latin America
• Euro Nations compete to control
o Europeans used their wealth and advanced weapons to extend influence around globe
• (imperialistic) Great Britain, France, Germany, Portugal, Italy, Russia, Belgium, Spain, Netherlands
• Japan and USA also expand influence
o Westernization
o Europeans tried to convert other nations to Christianity and adopt western cultures (not very successful)

Front 22

imperialism

Back 22

the control by one country of the political, economical, or cultural life of another country or region

Front 23

Westernization

Back 23

adoption of western culture

Front 24

Nationalism (effects)

Back 24

o (1800’s) Helped Italians and Germans to build strong nations
o Created rivalries among European powers
o Added to spread of imperialism.
o Threatened old European empires
o (1914) Helped spark WW1
o Africa Asia and Latin America fought to end foreign control
o After WW2 nationalist movements forced European powers to give up colonies

Front 25

Nationalism (deffinition)

Back 25

pride in and loyalty to ones country

Front 26

The Cold War

Back 26

o Political and economic struggle btw. Democratic nations of the west (led by US) and Communist bloc (led by soviet union)
o Both sides had many nuclear weapons
o Compete for influence in the developing world
• Communism way to free themselves of western rule
o Developing nations want economic aid from industrial world but not cold war
o At end, Soviet Union collapses.