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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cotton Kingdom
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The cotton kingdom was a product of the 1803 LA Purchase and the Cotton Gin
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Cotton's role
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Dominant cash cropThe majority of the enslaved population grew cotton (72%) Alabama and Mississippi emerged as heart of cotton kingdom |
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Term Slavery
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circumstance where owner allows gradual self-purchase over period of year
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Domestic Slave trade
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Demand for enslaved labor for cotton increased value of enslaved lives. Men sold for more than women. |
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Plantation based enslaved experience (Antebellum)
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75% field hands15% house servants10% skilled tradesmen
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Urban based enslaved experience (Antebellum)
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Majority of skilled slaves lived in urban areas. Often able to own property and money. Exercised the greatest degree of freedom. Baltimore, New Orleans, Charleston had large urban enslaved populations |
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Gender and slavery (Antebellum)
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For the average enslaved field hand work expectations were the same regardless of gender. Enslaved women’s experiences were uniquely shaped by sexual abuse |
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Christianity and slavery (Antebellum)
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Enslaved community held their own covert services: Focus on biblical passages of deliverance from oppressionWorship. Blended Christianity with West African religious practices.Services involved call and response based singing and dancing. Slave owners pastored their own plantation services:Sermons focused on biblical passages stressing obediencefor Sundays only |
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Black Nationalism
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At its core black nationalism reflected an ideology based upon creation of independent and self-controlled black institutions. Inspired by Haitian RevolutionShaped by American Colonization Society. |
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Free black argument for colonization (Antebellum)
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Only way to secure general emancipation. States had power to deny free blacks residency.Free blacks would always remain racially subordinate to white counter-parts. |
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Free black argument against colonization (Antebellum)
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Blacks lacked resources to successfully colonize.Colonization supported interests of slaveholders. Euro-immigration proved economy could support universal emancipation. Rightful claim to American soil. |
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Radical abolitionist movement (goals)
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Demands for immediate end to slavery. Demands for social and political equality. Rebellions:Gabriel’s Rebellion (Richmond) 1800Denmark Vesey (Charleston) 1822 |
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Manifest Destiny
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The God ordained will and desire to extend the borders of the United States over the entire North American continent
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Moral Suasion
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support for immediate emancipation based upon Christian morality
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Underground Railroad
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Network of abolitionist hiding places/safe houses stretching from the south to the north
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Coffles
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Slave Power
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Democratic party labeled the “Slave Power
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Second Great Awakening
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helped to forge a cultural divide over slavery between the “North” and the “South” Wave of Protestant religious revivalism |
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Society for the Promotion of the Abolition of Slavery
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Created:(1784) Attracted diverse coalitionQuakers, intellectuals, political leaders, free black leaders Separate organizationsDifference goals (gradual vs. immediate) end to slavery |
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“Peculiar Institution”
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Northern abolitionists referred to slavery as the “Peculiar Institution”
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American Colonization Society (supporters and goals)
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Most black men/black women/white women created auxiliary organizations within the AASS umbrella. Many of the auxiliaries focused on fundraising for the AASS. AASS Goal centered in immediate end to slavery |
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Liberia
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1847 Liberia became in independent republic 1820 free black minister Daniel Coker took 86 Af/Ams to Liberia 1838 nearly 2,500 free blacks settled in Liberia |
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Philadelphia Female Anti-Slavery Society
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Women were generally barred from participation until the late 1830s. Many of the auxiliaries focused on fundraising for the AASS. AASS women’s auxiliaries coordinate sending of emancipation petitions to Congress (over 30,000) |
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David Walker
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David Walker’s Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the WorldWalker free African American from OhioProduced anti-slavery pamphlet in Boston in 1829.Inspired by Christianity (liberation theology).Christian obligation to fight war to end slavery if necessary.
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Denmark Vesey
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Slave rebellion:Denmark Vesey (Charleston) 1822
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Nat Turner
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Nat Turner’s revolt in South Hampton, VA (1831)70 conspirators Goal of seizing control of Virginia killed 57 white Virginians Turner and 17 others executed |
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John Brown
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John Brown’s Raid on Harpers Ferry (VA)Brown was a radical white abolitionist from Ohio. Plan was to seize federal arsenal in Harpers Ferry and fight way south. |
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Paul Cuffe
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free black abolitionist
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Daniel Coker
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free black minister Daniel Coker
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William Lloyd Garrison
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In 1833 William Lloyd Garrison and James Forten found the American-Anti-Slavery Society.
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The Liberator
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Abolitionist paper published by William Lloyd Garrison
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Mexican American War
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1821 Mexico becomes independent from Spain
1828 Mexican government abolished slavery/state religion becomes Catholicism1835 Texans go to war with Mexico Mexican American War (1846-1848)Caused by a border dispute over Texas’ boundaries |
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American Anti-Slavery Society (AASS)
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In 1833 William Lloyd Garrison and James Forten found the American-Anti-Slavery Society. AASS Goal centered in immediate end to slavery |
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Frederick Douglass
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Escaped Slavery in MD and wrote Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave (1845)
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The North Star
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Frederick Douglass and The North Star (1847) Inspired by The Liberator |
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Black Convention Movement
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Conventions became a common-place feature of American political life. Conventions provide space to create an abolitionist agenda Immediate abolition of slaveryConstitutional citizenship Fuller social integration for free African Americans Focus on self-help, temperance, sexual morality, thrift |
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Amistad Revolt
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June 1839 54 African captives under leadership of Joseph Cinque seize Spanish slave ship. Former President John Q Adams secured their freedom before the supreme court in 1841. |
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Creole Revolt
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Madison Washington leads uprising on domestic slave trade vessel between Richmond and N.O. Escaped slaves supported by local black fishermen and gain freedom under British |
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John Rankin
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Minister John Rankin in Ripley, OHSent agents in to KY to help Af/Ams escape slaveryLit light on north shore of Ohio River to guide people escaping enslavement
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Martin Delany
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Bleeding Kansas
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Pro-slavery supporters sneak into Kansas to illegally vote1,500 registered voters/6,000 votes cast. Anti-slavery supporters reject election and create their own rival state government.Civil War erupts in Kansas between Pro and Anti-slavery supporters. |
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Lincoln-Douglas Debates
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Election of 1860
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Louisiana Purchase 1803
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The cotton kingdom was a product of the 1803 LA Purchase and the Cotton Gin
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Compromise of 1850
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Texas admitted as a slave state/CA as a free state
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Fugitive Slave Act of 1850
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Popular Sovereignty
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Utah and New Mexico Territory “Popular Sovereignty
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Kansas-Nebraska Act
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Initiated by Senator Stephen Douglas (D) from Illinois in 1854 Motivated by desire to have Transcontinental Railroad link in Chicago Douglas Proposed “Popular Sovereignty” policy as compromise to hold Democratic Party together |
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Dred Scott Decision (1858)
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After his master dies Scott and wife Harriet file freedom suitsLegal argument based on the idea that because Scott had been taken to free territory he had become a free man. 1858 Supreme Court rules against Scott Majority opinion states that black people (free or enslaved) are not citizens“They [Black people] had no rights which the white man was bound to respect.” |
