African American History Chapter 6 Branham

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-kidnapped and sold into slavery
-wrote Twelve Years a Slave

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Soloman Northup

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-invented the cotton gin
-key to rapid expansion of slavery from Atlantic coast to Texas

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Eli Whitney

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5 Indian Tribes

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Cherokee, Chicksaw, Choctaw, Creek, Seminole

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-many Indians died during the forced migration

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Trail of Tears

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-this group became economically dependent on slavery
-by 1860, 7000 slaves (14 percent)

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Cherokee

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Slave population grew from 1790-1860

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697,897 (1790) - 3,953,760 (1860)
Almost six times more

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Agriculture laborers constituted this percent of the south's slave population

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75%

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In 1860, which two states had more slaves than free inhabitants?

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Mississippi and South Carolina

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Solomon Northup called him a "model master"

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William Ford

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Solomon Northup's "bad" master
-got drunk and forced the slaves to dance
-frequently whipped his slaves

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Edwin Epps

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This state had the largest population of slaves throughout the period

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Virginia

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In 1860, what percent of white southerners owned slaves? What percent had direct interest in slavery?

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-383,673 (4.7 percent) out of 8,097,463 owned slaves. Less than 12% had direct interest in slavery

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How many slaveholders had less than five slaves? How many had 20 or more slaves?

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Almost half had less than 5 slaves, while most had 20 or more.

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In 1830, what percent of free African Americans owned slaves? What was the main reason?

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-only 2%
-most bought slaves to keep families together

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A free barber that employed many slaves on his plantation

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William Johnson

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A free African American woman that prospered through her rice plantation

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Margaret Mitchell

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A free African American woman who proved that economic ties were more important than emotional ties- she passed down her slaves to her heirs and some slaves were sold to pay off debts

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Betsy Somayrac

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breakdown of slavework

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55% cotton
10% tobacco
10% sugar, hemp, or rice
10% trades and industries

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demand of this product increased 5% every year between 1830-1860

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Cotton

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Which two states were the leading producers in cotton?

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Mississippi and Alabama

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How much did a prime male field hand sell for in the 1830s? 1860s?

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1830s= 1,250 (back then) or the equivalent of 21000 dollars (today)

1860s= 1800, or 33000

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How much did an adult slave pick during harvest season?

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200 pounds

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describe house servants and skilled servants

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house servants- more stressful because of close proximity with the masters, but they also got better clothing
skilled servants- more elite, had taste of freedom because they needed to travel

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the idea that urban masters led slaves purchase their freedom after a given amount of time to keep the slaves from running away

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term slavery

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one of the biggest industry companies in richmond, virginia

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tredegar iron works

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skilled slave that purchased his own freedom and became a slave owner himself
-did gin-making and gin-repair for a living

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William Ellison

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the idea of slaves being sold south

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"sold down river"

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percent of slaves that involuntarily moved from upper south to the southwest in 1820-1860

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50%

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-groups of slaves that are chained or roped together

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coffles

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This person said "I consider a slave woman who brings a child every two years as more profitable than the best man on the farm. what she produces is an addition to the capital, while his labors disappear in mere consumption"

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thomas jefferson

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ceremony during a wedding where they would jump backward over a broomstick

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"jumping the broom"

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what percent of slave children died before the age of 5

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50%

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this 14 year old girl killed her slave master because he repeatedly raped her. even though the law technically protected her, she was still convicted of murder and executed

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Celia, slave master was Robert Newson

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what diseases were common among slaves?

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dysentery, typhus, food poisoning, sick-cell anemia, malaria, pica, tetanus
-slaves also often lactose intolerant b/c of their diet

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said, "got one mind for the boss to see, got another for what i know is me"

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charsee charlotte lawrence-mcintyre

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this historian believed that African traditions were tied in with their version of Christianity

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Kolchin

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this historian believed that slavery was a paternalistic institution
-slave masters were saving africans from their inferior race by bringing them as close as they could to civilization

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phillips

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this historian believed that paternalism was the heart of southern plantation slavery

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genovese